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𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗨𝗗𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗕𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗬 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗗𝗜𝗚𝗬 𝗔𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗜𝗥𝗘 𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗬 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗙𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗗𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦 Claude Debussy was born on 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟮𝟮, 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟮, in 𝗦𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁-𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗶𝗻-𝗲𝗻-𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲, near Paris. Nothing in his earliest surroundings clearly foretold that he would become one…

𝗗𝗘𝗕𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗬: 𝗔 𝗕𝗢𝗗𝗬 𝗪𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗬, 𝗔 𝗦𝗣𝗜𝗥𝗜𝗧 𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗟𝗟 𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗟𝗢𝗪 𝗔𝗣𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦 By the last decade of his life, Claude Debussy was already a figure of immense artistic authority, yet inwardly his world…

𝗘𝗜𝗙𝗙𝗘𝗟 𝗧𝗢𝗪𝗘𝗥 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟵 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r65KAj2sB0U https://www.youtube.com/shorts/d0i4XG2KgOQ 𝗔 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗕𝗢𝗥𝗡 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗕𝗢𝗟𝗗𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦, 𝗖𝗔𝗟𝗖𝗨𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗔𝗟 𝗗𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗚 When people look at the Eiffel Tower today, they usually see a finished icon: elegant, instantly recognizable, almost inevitable,…

𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗛 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗔𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟬 𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦 𝗘𝗫𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗘 𝗧𝗵𝗲 1900 Paris Exposition Universelle was far more than a world’s fair. It was a vast theatrical display of modern civilization, a place where nations exhibited…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗢𝗨𝗦 𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔, 𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟱 𝗔 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗕𝗢𝗥𝗡 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗜𝗠𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗔𝗟 𝗔𝗠𝗕𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗦𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗢𝗨𝗥 In 1875, Paris received one of the most dazzling theatrical monuments ever built in Europe: the new opera house now…

𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘀 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟬–𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟬

𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗯𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗥𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗹 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗺𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 (1888), Solo piano. Student exercise for Charles-René’s course, lost. 𝗩𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗻 𝗮 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗲 𝗯𝘆 𝗚𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗴 (1888), Solo piano. Based on 'Åse's Death' from Grieg’s Peer Gynt, student work…

𝗔 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘀: 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻, 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇 𝗶𝗻 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴, 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟯–𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟰 𝗜. 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴 𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗴𝗲 In the early 1840s, 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴 was one of the great musical capitals of…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝟯 𝗨𝗻𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗽𝘂𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, 𝗔𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀 𝗔𝗹𝗹 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗿𝗲𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗹𝗹 𝗔𝗴𝗲𝘀 Strictly speaking, 𝗻𝗼 𝗹𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗲𝗲 can ever be completely undisputed, because music is too vast, too varied,…

𝐎𝐥𝐢𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐫 𝐌𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐚𝐞𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐎𝐟 𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐅𝐚𝐢𝐭𝐡, 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐫, 𝐁𝐢𝐫𝐝𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐠, 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 There are composers who expand musical language, and there are rarer figures who seem to create an entire spiritual…

𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗕𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗶𝗷𝗶 𝗢𝘇𝗮𝘄𝗮 𝘁𝗮𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗯𝗼𝘄𝘀 𝗮𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮'𝘀 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗲𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻’𝘀 "𝗗𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮" 𝗮𝘁 𝗕𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗻’𝘀 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗛𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗼𝗻 𝗦𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟱, 𝟭𝟵𝟴𝟬, 𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗢’𝘀…

𝗠𝘆𝘂𝗻𝗴-𝗪𝗵𝘂𝗻 𝗖𝗵𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗠𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗲𝗻: 𝗧𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗹î𝗹𝗮 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗬𝘃𝗼𝗻𝗻𝗲 𝗟𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗱 (𝗽𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼) & 𝗝𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲 𝗟𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗱 (𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗼𝘁) 𝗕𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ia9qADMR7zQ&list=OLAK5uy_lZixyjkEwMYoJC3F59wOgj9dcddFbiEF0&index=1 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗲𝗿𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗧𝘂𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗹î𝗹𝗮-𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗲 is one of…

𝗣𝗶𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗶𝘀 𝗦𝗲𝗶𝗷𝗶 𝗢𝘇𝗮𝘄𝗮, 𝗔𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗯𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝟰𝟬𝘁𝗵 𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗸𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗿𝗲 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝟭𝟵𝟴𝟬.

𝗜𝗻 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟬, 𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 𝘄𝗮𝘀 𝗻𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗱 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗔𝗱𝘃𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝘁 𝗧𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝘄𝗼𝗼𝗱, 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗦𝗲𝗶𝗷𝗶 𝗢𝘇𝗮𝘄𝗮 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗚𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗿. 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝗻𝗲𝘄𝗹𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗼 𝗱𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗱 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗽𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀: 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀, 𝗢𝘇𝗮𝘄𝗮 𝗶𝗻 𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗙𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺𝘀,…

𝐃𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐥-𝐅𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐜̧𝐨𝐢𝐬-𝐄𝐬𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐭 𝐀𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐢𝐠𝐧 𝐎𝐟 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐡 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚-𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐪𝐮𝐞 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞, 𝐖𝐢𝐭, 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐤𝐥𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐝 There are composers who overwhelm by metaphysical depth, others by orchestral enormity, and others by tragic force. Then…

𝐄𝐝𝐨𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐋𝐚𝐥𝐨: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐚𝐭𝐞-𝐁𝐥𝐨𝐨𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐡 𝐂𝐥𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐬𝐡 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐝 There are composers who conquer early, and there are others whose true stature emerges only after years of obscurity,…

𝗖𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁-𝗦𝗮𝗲̈𝗻𝘀: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗗𝗮𝘆𝘀, 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹𝘀 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗵𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 In the final years of his life, Camille Saint-Saëns had become one of the last living monuments…

𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐆𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐨𝐝: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐞𝐥𝐨𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐎𝐟 𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐥, 𝐋𝐨𝐯𝐞, 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐡 𝐆𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐆𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚 𝐈𝐭𝐬 𝐅𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐭 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐈𝐭𝐬 𝐉𝐮𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐭 There are composers who astonish by formal innovation, others by orchestral daring, and others by the…

𝗦𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁-𝗦𝗮𝗲̈𝗻𝘀 (𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗻𝘁) 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝗹𝗴𝗮𝗿 (𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁) 𝗮𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗶𝗿𝘀 𝗙𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹, 𝗚𝗹𝗼𝘂𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿, 𝗨𝗞, 𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟯. 𝗣𝗶𝗰: 𝗛𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘃𝗲/𝗚𝗲𝘁𝘁𝘆 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀 - 𝗛𝘂𝗹𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘃𝗲/𝗚𝗲𝘁𝘁𝘆 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲𝘀

𝗖𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁-𝗦𝗮𝗲̈𝗻𝘀: 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲, 𝗣𝘀𝘆𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆, 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗣𝘂𝗽𝗶𝗹𝘀 𝗜. 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗱 Camille Saint-Saëns was born in Paris on 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟵, 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟱, and from the very beginning his life…

𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗚𝗜𝗖 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗜𝗡 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗕𝗿𝗼𝗸𝗲𝗻 𝗵𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘁𝘀, 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗯𝗶𝗱𝗱𝗲𝗻 𝗹𝗼𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗴, 𝗺𝗮𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗱𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵, 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘆𝗮𝗹, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝘄𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗳𝗲𝗱 𝘀𝗼𝗺𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝘄𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗻. Classical music is often spoken of as though…

𝗝𝘂𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘁: 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲, 𝗣𝘀𝘆𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘆, 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗣𝘂𝗽𝗶𝗹𝘀 𝗜. 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗿 Jules Massenet was born on 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟮, 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟮, in Montaud, near Saint-Étienne, into a cultivated but not…