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𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐆𝐇 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐒, 𝐋𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐑𝐈𝐕𝐀𝐋𝐒 𝐁𝐘 𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐑𝐄 𝐇. 𝐀𝐙𝐎𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐈𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐒 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒, 𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟏–𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟗 The move to Paris changed almost every external circumstance of Fryderyk Chopin’s life. Warsaw had…

𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐆𝐇 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐒, 𝐋𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐑𝐈𝐕𝐀𝐋𝐒 𝐁𝐘 𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐑𝐄 𝐇. 𝐀𝐙𝐎𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐑𝐒𝐀𝐖 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒, 𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟎–𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟎 𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐏𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝟐 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐒𝐓 𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐄 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐒 𝐉𝐀𝐍 𝐁𝐈𝐀Ł𝐎𝐁Ł𝐎𝐂𝐊𝐈, 𝐉𝐀𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐒𝐙𝐘Ń𝐒𝐊𝐈, 𝐉𝐔𝐋𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐅𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐀, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐘𝐓𝐔𝐒…

# 𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗢𝗟𝗔𝗨𝗦 𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗢𝗡𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗧 — “…𝗜𝗧 𝗪𝗔𝗦 𝗔𝗟𝗪𝗔𝗬𝗦 𝗔𝗕𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖” ## 𝗔 𝗥𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗼𝘀𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄𝘀 𝗘𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗙ü𝗿𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘂𝗲𝗿 Few conductors of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries transformed musical interpretation as radically as…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴 𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗢𝗟𝗔𝗨𝗦 “𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗜𝗙𝗜𝗖𝗘𝗡𝗧” 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖, 𝗣𝗢𝗪𝗘𝗥, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗣𝗔𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗚𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗖𝗥𝗔𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗘𝗗 𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡’𝗦 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 When 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘂𝗹 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗘𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗵𝗮́𝘇𝘆 died in 𝟭𝟳𝟲𝟮, 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 had been…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮 𝗕𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗻-𝗕𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗻, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗢𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗠𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗤𝘂𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘁, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗼 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗮, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗢𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻…

𝗚𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗩 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗟𝗠𝗔 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗘𝗗𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗔𝗧 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗞𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗦𝗞𝗜𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗘 — 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔, 𝟵 𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗖𝗛 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟮 The marriage of 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 and 𝗔𝗹𝗺𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗹𝗲𝗿 took place in 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, at the 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘀𝗸𝗶𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲, on 𝗦𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟵 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵…

𝗟𝗶𝗻𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗮: 𝗟𝗼𝘃𝗲, 𝗘𝘅𝗶𝗹𝗲, 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘆𝗮𝗹, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝘂𝗿𝘃𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘄 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗶 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗸𝗼𝗳𝗶𝗲𝘃 𝗔 𝗰𝗼𝘀𝗺𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻 𝘄𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗯𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝘀𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗺𝗲 “𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗸𝗼𝗳𝗶𝗲𝘃’𝘀 𝘄𝗶𝗳𝗲” Lina Codina was far more than a tragic footnote in the life of…

# **Joseph Haydn and Nicola Porpora: A Transformative Encounter** When **Joseph Haydn** was struggling to survive in Vienna in the early **1750s**, poor, largely self-taught, and without influential patrons, a chance encounter would prove…