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## 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐎 𝐓𝐎𝐒𝐂𝐀𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐂𝐀𝐑𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐂𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐌𝐈𝐍𝐃 Arturo Toscanini became legendary for stepping onto the podium and conducting vast symphonies, operas and choral works **entirely from memory**. To…

𝗥𝗢𝗚𝗘𝗥 𝗡𝗢𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗧𝗢𝗡: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗣 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗢𝗙 𝗜𝗧𝗦 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 Few conductors have divided the musical world as violently as 𝗦𝗶𝗿 𝗥𝗼𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗡𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘁𝗼𝗻. To his admirers, he was a visionary who…

# **MENDELSSOHN’S MUSICAL INFLUENCE ON OTHER COMPOSERS** The influence of **Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847)** was far deeper than is sometimes acknowledged. He did not create a clearly defined “school” in the manner of Wagner or…

# **Symphonies Collection — Box Set 100 CDs** **CD 1–11** **Mozart** – Symphonies 1, 4–10, 12–36, 38–41, KV 19a, 111a, 196; first and second versions of No. 40, with and without clarinets **Jaap ter…

# **Teldec Collection — Box Set 50 CDs** **CD 1** **Bartók:** Klavierkonzerte Nr. 1–3 (András Schiff, Budapest Festival Orchestra, Iván Fischer) **CD 2** **Beethoven:** Symphonien Nr. 6 & 8 (Chamber Orchestra of Europe, Nikolaus…

𝐉𝐎𝐀𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐌 𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐅 𝐖𝐀𝐒 𝐎𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐄 𝐅𝐀𝐌𝐎𝐔𝐒 𝐓𝐇𝐀𝐍 𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐇𝐌𝐒... 𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐋𝐃 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐎𝐓 𝐇𝐈𝐌 One of the nineteenth century's most admired composers almost disappeared from concert halls. When 𝐉𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐦 𝐑𝐚𝐟𝐟 (𝟏𝟖𝟐𝟐–𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟐) was at the height…

𝟭𝟬 𝗙𝗮𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗙𝗮𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗿-𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗔𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗠𝗶𝗸𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗹 𝗚𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸𝗮 𝟭. 𝗛𝗲 𝗜𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 "𝗙𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗢𝗳 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰" Although Russia had composers before him, Glinka was the first to create a truly national…

𝗜𝗦𝗔𝗔𝗖 𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗡 𝗔𝗧 𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗚𝗜𝗘 𝗛𝗔𝗟𝗟, 𝟭𝟵𝟲𝟬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗦𝗔𝗩𝗘𝗗 𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗧𝗘𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘 The 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗬𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 Gala Opening Night concert of 27 September 1960 was much more than the opening of another…

𝗥𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗢𝗙𝗙 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗥𝗔𝗩𝗘𝗟 — 𝗧𝗪𝗢 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗔𝗣𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗟𝗬 𝗡𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗘𝗧 The relationship between 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗶 𝗥𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗳𝗳 and 𝗠𝗮𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗥𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗹 presents a striking historical paradox. They were almost exact contemporaries, internationally celebrated composers and pianists,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗔𝗜𝗡𝗧 𝗣𝗘𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗬: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗥𝗔𝗗𝗟𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗥𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 The 𝗦𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁 𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 is one of the oldest, most prestigious and historically influential institutions of higher musical education in Russia. Together with the…

𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗪𝗢 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗𝗦 𝗔𝗟𝗠𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝗠𝗘𝗧: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗨𝗡𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗩𝗘𝗗 𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗗𝗘𝗕𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗥𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗢𝗙𝗙 The possibility that 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗯𝘂𝘀𝘀𝘆 and 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗶 𝗥𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗳𝗳, two of the most powerful and apparently contrasting musical personalities of their age,…

𝗦𝗖𝗥𝗜𝗔𝗕𝗜𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗥𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗢𝗙𝗙: 𝗧𝗪𝗢 𝗥𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦𝗘𝗦 𝗪𝗛𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗣𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗦 𝗖𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗦𝗘𝗗 The relationship between Alexander Scriabin and Sergei Rachmaninoff has often been simplified into a picturesque opposition: the mystical revolutionary against the last great Romantic, the…

𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗭 𝗗𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗚𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗧 𝟭𝟯 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗮𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗛𝗮𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝗳𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗲𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗱 — 𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟭 When 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 left Budapest for Hamburg in 𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟭, he was…

𝗝𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗙 𝗞𝗥𝗜𝗣𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Josef Krips represented a conducting tradition founded not upon personal display, exaggerated rhetoric or orchestral weight, but upon balance, clarity, natural phrasing and absolute fidelity to musical…

𝗗𝗜𝗠𝗜𝗧𝗥𝗜 𝗠𝗜𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗣𝗢𝗨𝗟𝗢𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Dimitri Mitropoulos was one of the most intense, selfless and visionary conductors of the twentieth century. He conducted without a baton, frequently without a score and with…

𝗞𝗨𝗥𝗧 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗨𝗥 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Kurt Masur was sometimes characterised as a sober, traditional conductor: dependable, serious, architecturally disciplined and resistant to interpretative eccentricity. Such descriptions are not entirely wrong, but they…

# 𝗚𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗘 𝗦𝗭𝗘𝗟𝗟 𝗘𝗗𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 — 𝗕𝗢𝗫 𝗦𝗘𝗧, 𝟭𝟬 𝗖𝗗𝘀 ## 𝗖𝗗 𝟭 **𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻:** *Egmont* — Incidental Music, Op. 84 Pilar Lorengar (soprano) Wiener Philharmoniker, George Szell ## 𝗖𝗗 𝟮 **𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻:** Symphony No. 5 in…

𝗙𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗦𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Ferenc Fricsay’s international career lasted scarcely fifteen years, yet he left one of the most concentrated and consistently distinguished discographies of the twentieth century. He died in…

𝗘𝗨𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗘 𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Eugene Ormandy remains inseparable from the Philadelphia Orchestra and the famously sumptuous sonority that became known throughout the world as the “Philadelphia Sound.” During his extraordinary tenure—first…

𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗭 𝗥𝗘𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Fritz Reiner was one of the supreme orchestral disciplinarians of the twentieth century. His conducting combined extraordinary precision, rhythmic tension, transparent textures and an almost unequalled ability…

𝗡𝗘𝗘𝗠𝗘 𝗝Ä𝗥𝗩𝗜 — 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘𝗧𝗜𝗠𝗘 𝗢𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗢𝗦 — 𝟮𝟱-𝗖𝗗 𝗕𝗢𝗫 𝗦𝗘𝗧 𝗖𝗗 𝟭 — 𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗘𝗜 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗞𝗢𝗙𝗜𝗘𝗩 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗸𝗼𝗳𝗶𝗲𝘃: Symphony No. 6 in E-flat minor, Op. 111 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗸𝗼𝗳𝗶𝗲𝘃: Waltz Suite, Op. 110 Scottish National Orchestra, Neeme…

𝗦𝗘𝗜𝗝𝗜 𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗪𝗔 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Seiji Ozawa was one of the most internationally influential conductors of the post-war era. His art united rhythmic precision, luminous orchestral colour, exceptional transparency and an instinctive…

𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗡 𝗠𝗔𝗔𝗭𝗘𝗟 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Lorin Maazel was one of the most technically formidable conductors of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. He possessed an exceptional ear, an almost photographic memory, absolute…

𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗜𝗨 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗕𝗜𝗗𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗘 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝟭𝟱 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗥𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗦 Sergiu Celibidache occupies a unique and paradoxical position in the history of recorded performance. Few major conductors distrusted recording technology more profoundly, yet few left behind such…