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𝗚𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗚 𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗡 𝗕𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗔: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗥𝗔𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗜𝗡𝗡𝗢𝗩𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗚𝗔𝗩𝗘 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗔 𝗦𝗣𝗢𝗞𝗘𝗡 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟯𝟬 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟭𝟳𝟮𝟮, 𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗮́𝘁𝗸𝘆 𝗻𝗮𝗱 𝗝𝗶𝘇𝗲𝗿𝗼𝘂, 𝗕𝗼𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟲 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟵𝟱, 𝗞𝗼̈𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘇, 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮 was one…

𝗚𝗜𝗢𝗩𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗜 𝗣𝗔𝗜𝗦𝗜𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗢: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗡𝗘𝗔𝗣𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗡 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢𝗦𝗘 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗘 𝗥𝗨𝗟𝗘𝗗 𝗘𝗨𝗥𝗢𝗣𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗘 𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗡𝗜 𝗚𝗶𝗼𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶 𝗣𝗮𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗼 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟵 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟰𝟬, 𝗧𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗼, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟱 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟲, 𝗡𝗮𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘀, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 Among the great masters of eighteenth-century Italian…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟭 𝗔 𝗦𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝗱𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗗𝗼𝗺𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱: 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆, 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸, 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝗲𝘆, 𝗣𝘂𝗽𝗶𝗹𝘀,…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟳 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗧𝗛, 𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗨𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗪𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 There are artists whose genius burns brightest in youth, and…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟬 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗕𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝟭𝟳𝟯𝟬𝘀 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝟭𝟳𝟯𝟬𝘀: 𝗖𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱𝘀, 𝗖𝗼𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗲𝗵𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝘀, 𝗥𝗼𝘆𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗺𝗯𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗲𝗿-Ü𝗯𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗔𝘀 𝗮 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗼…

𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗞𝗬 𝗔𝗦 𝗝𝗨𝗗𝗚𝗘: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗝𝗨𝗗𝗚𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗘 𝗛𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 Few great composers spoke about other composers with the same mixture of 𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝘆, 𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗮𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, and sometimes devastating cruelty…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗭𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵 𝗔 𝗙𝗢𝗢𝗟’𝗦 𝗘𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗗 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗝𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗬 𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗕𝗘𝗚𝗔𝗡 𝗔𝗦 𝗟𝗜𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 In September 1777, Mozart left Salzburg with his mother, 𝗔𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁, to seek his…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟯 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗢𝗡 𝗖𝗔𝗟𝗟 𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗩𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗔 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗘𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 For nearly three decades, 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 had lived within the orbit of the 𝗘𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗵𝗮́𝘇𝘆 family.…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗭𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗤𝗨𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 After the chapter of Salzburg as Mozart’s ambiguous home—admiring him, employing him, limiting him, and eventually…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟭 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗦, 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗬𝗧𝗢𝗡𝗦, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗧 𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗧𝗔𝗜𝗡𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗬 𝗟𝗔𝗕𝗢𝗨𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗔𝗦 𝗗𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗬 𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗘 The life of 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 at 𝗘𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗵𝗮́𝘇𝗮 cannot be understood if one…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗡𝗢𝗖𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗣𝗜𝗡 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘, 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗚𝗜𝗟𝗜𝗧𝗬, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗘𝗫𝗜𝗟𝗘 After the bright domestic felicities of Mendelssohn, Rupert Hughes turns toward a darker, more delicate,…

𝗢𝗙𝗙𝗘𝗡𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛, 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗗 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗦 𝗜𝗜 𝗧𝗢 𝗪𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗘 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗧𝗔𝗦 𝗝𝗔𝗖𝗤𝗨𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙𝗙𝗘𝗡𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗦 𝗜𝗜: 𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦, 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔, 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗧𝗔, 𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗧𝗭, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗢𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗡 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗧𝗔𝗜𝗡𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗝𝗮𝗰𝗾𝘂𝗲𝘀 𝗢𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗵, born Jacob Offenbach in…

𝗞𝗟𝗔𝗨𝗦 𝗧𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗗𝗧 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗦𝗘𝗘𝗠𝗘𝗗 𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗦𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗘𝗗 𝗕𝗬 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 Klaus Tennstedt belongs to that rare category of conductors whose art cannot be explained only by technique, career posts, discography, or repertoire. He was…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧’𝗦 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗡𝗭𝗘, 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗘𝗤𝗨𝗜𝗘𝗠, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 The final years of Mozart’s life have always drawn biography toward legend.…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗟𝗢𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗔 𝗪𝗘𝗕𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗥𝗦𝗧 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡 In Rupert Hughes’s account of Mozart’s emotional life, the affair with 𝗔𝗹𝗼𝘆𝘀𝗶𝗮 𝗪𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗿 appears as…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵 - 𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗛𝗔́𝗭𝗔 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗘 𝗣𝗔𝗟𝗔𝗖𝗘 𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗘 𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡 𝗕𝗨𝗜𝗟𝗧 𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗔𝗟𝗔𝗖𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗪𝗔𝗦 𝗡𝗢𝗧 𝗠𝗘𝗔𝗡𝗧 𝗧𝗢 𝗕𝗘 𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗔𝗣𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗟 When the musical establishment…

𝗞𝗨𝗥𝗧 𝗦𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗚 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗦𝗨𝗥𝗩𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗𝗦 Kurt Sanderling was not one of those conductors who built a career on glamour, theatrical poses, or the cult of personality. His greatness belonged to…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴 𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗢𝗟𝗔𝗨𝗦 “𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗜𝗙𝗜𝗖𝗘𝗡𝗧” 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖, 𝗣𝗢𝗪𝗘𝗥, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗣𝗔𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗚𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗖𝗥𝗔𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗘𝗗 𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡’𝗦 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 When 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘂𝗹 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗘𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗵𝗮́𝘇𝘆 died in 𝟭𝟳𝟲𝟮, 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 had been…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗕𝘆𝗽𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗟𝘂̈𝗻𝗲𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝘁𝗼 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿, 𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟬–𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟯 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝗲𝘆𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗶𝗮: 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆, 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲, 𝗢𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗦𝗶𝗴𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗮…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗧𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗜𝗞𝗢𝗩𝗦𝗞𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗡-𝗗𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗥 After 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿, whose music transformed desire into one of the supreme artistic languages of the nineteenth century while his…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥, 𝗖𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗠𝗔, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗗𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗬 After the painful, humiliating, and emotionally exhausted story of 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 and 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗣𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗲𝗿,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗧 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗔𝗦 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗗, 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗥, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗣𝗜𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗨𝗔𝗟 𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗥 Rupert Hughes begins the second volume of 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗼𝘃𝗲 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟳 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗘-𝗖𝗔𝗣𝗘𝗟𝗟𝗠𝗘𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗧 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗡𝗘𝗪 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗗𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗬 𝗗𝗨𝗧𝗬 When 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗵 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 entered the service of the 𝗘𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗵𝗮́𝘇𝘆 family, he did…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟱 𝗔 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 𝗦𝗢𝗝𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗡 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡 𝗧𝗢 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗭𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗔𝗙𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗘𝗨𝗥𝗢𝗣𝗘 After the immense success of the Grand Journey, Leopold Mozart had reason to feel uncertain about…