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𝐇𝐄𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐋𝐈𝐎𝐙 (𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟑–𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟗): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Hector Berlioz (1803–1869) was one of the most radical and controversial composers of the nineteenth century. His life combined artistic genius, emotional…

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐍 𝐃𝐕𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐊: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Antonin Dvorak is often remembered as one of the healthiest, warmest, and most balanced figures in nineteenth-century music: a deeply Czech composer, a…

𝐉𝐀𝐌𝐄𝐒 𝐊𝐈𝐍𝐆 (𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟓–𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟓) - 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐍𝐎𝐁𝐋𝐄 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐖𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐄𝐑 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐀𝐌𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐍 𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐐𝐔𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐃 𝐁𝐀𝐘𝐑𝐄𝐔𝐓𝐇 𝐀𝐍 𝐔𝐍𝐋𝐈𝐊𝐄𝐋𝐘 𝐁𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆 — 𝐊𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐀𝐒, 𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟓 𝐉𝐚𝐦𝐞𝐬 𝐊𝐢𝐧𝐠 (𝟐𝟒 𝐌𝐚𝐲 𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟓 – 𝟐𝟎 𝐍𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟓) was born in…

𝐌𝐈𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐀 𝐅𝐑𝐄𝐍𝐈 (𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟓–𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟎) - 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐓𝐇 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐀 𝐁𝐀𝐊𝐄𝐑’𝐒 𝐃𝐀𝐔𝐆𝐇𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝐈𝐍 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐀 𝐓𝐎 𝐎𝐍𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 𝐒𝐎𝐏𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐎𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝟐𝟎𝐓𝐇 𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐈𝐍 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐀 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀…

𝐆𝐄𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐄 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐂 𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐋: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 George Frideric Handel is often remembered as a figure of magnificence, authority, theatrical brilliance, and overwhelming musical confidence: the composer of Messiah,…

𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐑𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐔𝐗 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐕𝐈𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐈𝐒𝐓 𝐓𝐎 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐀𝐓𝐎𝐍 𝐎𝐅 𝐑𝐄𝐕𝐎𝐋𝐔𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀𝐒𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐏𝐑𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐍 𝐄𝐑𝐀 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐇𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐒 — 𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝐏𝐢𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞…

𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗔 𝗟𝗨𝗗𝗪𝗜𝗚: 𝗔𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗗𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗘𝗭𝗭𝗢-𝗦𝗢𝗣𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗶𝗻 𝗮 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆 (1928–1945) 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 (1928–2021) was born on 16 March 1928 in Berlin into a deeply musical household.…

𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 - 𝗗𝗮𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗘𝗿𝗱𝗲 - 𝗜𝘀𝗿𝗮𝗲𝗹 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 - 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 - 𝗥𝗲𝗻𝗲 𝗞𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗼 - 𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗶𝗻 https://www.patreon.com/posts/mahler-das-lied-152756841?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 – 𝗗𝗔𝗦 𝗟𝗜𝗘𝗗 𝗩𝗢𝗡 𝗗𝗘𝗥 𝗘𝗥𝗗𝗘: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗖 𝗙𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗪𝗘𝗟𝗟 𝗧𝗢 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁…

𝐋𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐀𝐙𝐄𝐋 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐁𝐄𝐂𝐀𝐌𝐄 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀𝐒𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐇𝐄𝐍𝐎𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐎𝐍 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 — 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎 𝐋𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐧 𝐕𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐌𝐚𝐚𝐳𝐞𝐥 was born on 𝟔 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡…

𝐒𝐈𝐑 𝐂𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐍 𝐃𝐀𝐕𝐈𝐒 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐂𝐋𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐍𝐄𝐓 𝐒𝐓𝐔𝐃𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐓𝐎 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐋𝐎𝐍𝐆 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓 𝐁𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐒𝐇 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 (𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟕–𝟏𝟗𝟔𝟕) 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐁𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐒 (1927–1945) 𝐒𝐢𝐫 𝐂𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐱 𝐃𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐬 (25 September 1927 –…

𝐄𝐑𝐍𝐒𝐓 𝐕𝐎𝐍 𝐒𝐂𝐇𝐔𝐂𝐇 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐈𝐋𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐒𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐈𝐆𝐍 𝐎𝐅 𝐃𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐃𝐄𝐍: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐆𝐀𝐕𝐄 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒 𝐀 𝐊𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐃𝐎𝐌 𝐈. 𝐁𝐎𝐇𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐁𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐒 — 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐁𝐎𝐑𝐍 𝐁𝐄𝐓𝐖𝐄𝐄𝐍 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐋𝐃𝐒 (1846–1860s) 𝐄𝐫𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐯𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐮𝐜𝐡 was born on 23 November…

𝐆𝐄𝐎𝐑𝐆 𝐒𝐎𝐋𝐓𝐈 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒 (1912–1947) 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓: 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐅𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐘 (1912) 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐢 (1912–1997) was born György Stern on 21…

𝐃𝐀𝐌𝐄 𝐉𝐀𝐍𝐄𝐓 𝐁𝐀𝐊𝐄𝐑 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐍𝐎𝐁𝐋𝐄 𝐌𝐄𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐋𝐘: 𝐀 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐃𝐄𝐕𝐎𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐓𝐎 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐑 𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐓𝐇 (1933– ) 𝐈. 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐈𝐍 𝐈𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐋 𝐄𝐍𝐆𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐃 (1933–1950) 𝐃𝐚𝐦𝐞 𝐉𝐚𝐧𝐞𝐭 𝐁𝐚𝐤𝐞𝐫 (born 21 August 1933) entered…

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐈𝐑𝐎𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐘: 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐁𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄 𝐓𝐎 𝐒𝐘𝐌𝐏𝐇𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐂 𝐈𝐌𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐓𝐘 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎𝐬–𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟎𝐬) 𝐈. 𝐖𝐀𝐑, 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐋𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀𝐌𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐍 𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐄 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟓) By the early 1940s, 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢 (1906–1988) had already forged…

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐁𝐀𝐋𝐋𝐄𝐓 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐃: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟔–𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎) 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐔𝐃𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐈𝐄𝐔 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟔–𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟒) 𝐀𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐃𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢 (1906–1988) was born on 9 April 1906 in Budapest,…

𝐁𝐄𝐋𝐀 𝐁𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐎𝐊 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐂𝐄 𝐘𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐆 𝐑𝐄𝐁𝐄𝐋 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐄𝐃 𝐀 𝐍𝐄𝐖 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐋𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐔𝐀𝐆𝐄 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟏–𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟓) 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐒𝐈𝐋𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐏𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐄 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟏–𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟖) 𝐁𝐞𝐥𝐚 𝐕𝐢𝐤𝐭𝐨𝐫 𝐉𝐚𝐧𝐨𝐬 𝐁𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐨𝐤 (1881–1945) was born on 25 March 1881 in Nagyszentmiklos,…

𝐆𝐈𝐔𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐈 𝐕𝐒. 𝐒𝐎𝐋𝐓𝐈 — 𝐓𝐖𝐎 𝐎𝐏𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐄 𝐕𝐈𝐒𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎’𝐒 𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐈. 𝐓𝐖𝐎 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒, 𝐓𝐖𝐎 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐋𝐃𝐒 Although 𝐂𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐨 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚 𝐆𝐢𝐮𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐢 (𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟒–𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟓) and 𝐒𝐢𝐫 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐢 (𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟐–𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟕) belonged to essentially the same generation, their artistic…

𝐍𝐄𝐄𝐌𝐄 𝐉𝐀̈𝐑𝐕𝐈: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐔𝐍𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐏𝐏𝐀𝐁𝐋𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐄𝐒𝐒𝐀𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄, 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐋𝐄, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀 𝐋𝐄𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐀𝐑𝐘 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐎𝐑𝐃𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐂𝐀𝐑𝐄𝐄𝐑 (𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟕– ) 𝐈. 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐈𝐍 𝐀 𝐓𝐔𝐌𝐔𝐋𝐓𝐔𝐎𝐔𝐒 𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐍𝐈𝐀 (𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟕–𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟔) 𝐍𝐞𝐞𝐦𝐞 𝐉𝐚̈𝐫𝐯𝐢 was born on 𝐁𝐨𝐥𝐝 𝐔𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐝𝐞: 𝟕…

𝐆𝐔𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐕 𝐌𝐀𝐇𝐋𝐄𝐑 & 𝐉𝐔𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐇𝐋𝐄𝐑: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐇𝐄𝐋𝐃 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐓𝐎𝐆𝐄𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐑 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐍𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐄𝐒𝐒𝐀𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐎𝐕𝐄, 𝐃𝐔𝐓𝐘, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐄𝐗𝐈𝐋𝐄 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟖–𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟖) 𝐈. 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐂𝐑𝐔𝐂𝐈𝐁𝐋𝐄 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟖–𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟖) 𝐉𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞 (𝐄𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐞) 𝐌𝐚𝐡𝐥𝐞𝐫 was born…

𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐨 𝐊𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟔 — 𝐀 𝐘𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐨𝐟 𝐄𝐱𝐢𝐥𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝟏. 𝐇𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐱𝐭: 𝐅𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐨 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐝 𝐄𝐦𝐢𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 By 1936, 𝐎𝐭𝐭𝐨 𝐊𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐫 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟓–𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟑) was living through one of the most difficult phases…

𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐋 𝐕𝐎𝐍 𝐒𝐀𝐔𝐄𝐑 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟐–𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟐) A Rigorous Essay on His Life and Professional Activity 𝐈. 𝐎𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐥𝐲 𝐅𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟐–𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟏) Emil von Sauer was born on October 8, 1862, in Hamburg, Germany. He grew up…

𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗖𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗮𝘀 (1923–1977) 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗩𝗶𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗱𝗲 𝗦𝗮𝗯𝗮𝘁𝗮 (1892–1967) formed one of the most artistically electrifying collaborations in mid-20th-century opera, centered above all on La Scala, Milan, in the early 1950s. Their most historic collaboration…

𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗟 𝗚𝗜𝗟𝗘𝗟𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗦𝗢𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗧 𝗧𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗡 The emergence of 𝗘𝗺𝗶𝗹 𝗚𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗹𝘀 (1916–1985) as one of the twentieth century’s most formidable pianists was neither sudden nor accidental. His early years reveal a…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗢𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗡 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗬 𝗢𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗛 𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗗𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗘𝗗 𝗕𝗬 𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗥𝗥𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗨𝗫, 𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗘 𝗞𝗢𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗘𝗩𝗜𝗧𝗭𝗞𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗘𝗦 𝗠𝗨𝗡𝗖𝗛 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗨𝗨𝗠 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 The artistic identity of the Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO) in…