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𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗽𝗮 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘂𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗲 𝗧𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗗𝗶 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝘇𝗶𝗮 𝗢𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝘄𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘁𝗵 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗽𝗮 was one of the most beloved Italian tenors of the twentieth century and is often regarded as perhaps the greatest…

𝗟𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘇𝗼 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝘃𝗶 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗵-𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗧𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗼𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗗𝗼𝗻𝗶𝘇𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗶 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶 𝗟𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘇𝗼 𝗦𝗮𝗹𝘃𝗶 was one of the notable Italian tenors of the nineteenth century, a singer whose career belonged to the…

𝗚𝗶𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗽𝗲 𝗧𝗮𝗱𝗱𝗲𝗶 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝘆𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗨𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗱𝘆, 𝗗𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗮, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗘𝘅𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗴𝗲𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗚𝗶𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗽𝗲 𝗧𝗮𝗱𝗱𝗲𝗶 was one of the most complete Italian lyric baritones of the twentieth century, admired for the extraordinary range of…

𝗚𝗶𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗽𝗲 𝗗𝗲 𝗟𝘂𝗰𝗮 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗿𝗮𝘁 𝗢𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗚𝗶𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗽𝗽𝗲 𝗗𝗲 𝗟𝘂𝗰𝗮 was one of the most refined Italian baritones of the twentieth century, admired not for overwhelming vocal force but for…

𝗚𝗶𝗼𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗧𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗢𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗚𝗶𝗼𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶 was one of the most celebrated Italian tenors of the twentieth century, a singer whose long career joined the late Verdian…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗼 𝗧𝗮𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗼𝗶𝗰 𝗧𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶’𝘀 𝗢𝘁𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗼 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗼 𝗧𝗮𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼 was one of the most powerful and celebrated dramatic tenors of the nineteenth century, a singer whose name is forever linked with…

𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗩𝗮𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗶 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶’𝘀 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗥𝗼𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗩𝗮𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗶 was one of the most important Italian baritones of the nineteenth century, not only because of the distinction of his…

𝗘𝘁𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶 — 𝗔 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗕𝘂𝘁 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁 𝗢𝗳 𝗔 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗘𝘁𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶 was one of the most admired Italian baritones of the twentieth century, remembered for the exceptional beauty of his…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗖. 𝗙. 𝗔𝗯𝗱𝘆 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗺𝘀 — 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗩 𝗖𝗼̈𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗻: 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗼𝘄, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗮𝗱 𝗧𝗼 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗢𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜𝗩 Chapter IV of C. F. Abdy Williams’s 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵…

𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵 𝗘𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗧𝗼 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵 𝗘𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗵 — born on 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟮𝟬, 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟬, in 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘂, then Germany and today Wrocław, Poland — belongs to that rare category of musicians whose life…

𝗝𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗻 𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝘀, 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗥𝗶𝘀𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗰𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝘀 𝗔 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗝𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗻 — born on 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟬, 𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟬, in 𝗟𝘆𝗼𝗻, France, and died on 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭, 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟲, in Paris — was…

𝗜𝘀𝗮𝗮𝗰 𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻 𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝘀, 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗥𝗶𝘀𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗰𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝘀 𝗔 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗜𝘀𝗮𝗮𝗰 𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻 — born on 𝗝𝘂𝗹𝘆 𝟮𝟭, 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟬, in 𝗞𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝗲𝘁𝘀, then in Poland and today in Ukraine, and died on 𝗦𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿…

𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗔 𝗦𝘂𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗢𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲, 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗿, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗔𝗰𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 — born 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟭, 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟱, in 𝗘𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘀, East Frisia, and died 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟰, 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟱, in 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗴𝗼 — was one of…

𝗕𝗿𝘂𝗻𝗼 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗿: 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗤𝘂𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀, 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝗲𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 Bruno Walter was not only one of the great conductors of the twentieth century, but also one of its most reflective musical minds. Born in Berlin in…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗹𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗳𝘁 𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗤𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝘁𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻 𝗩𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝗲𝘂𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝗿𝗱 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗤𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗲𝘁 𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟮–𝟭𝟴𝟳𝟲 Chapter 5 of Volume…

𝗗𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗘𝗟 𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗠𝗣𝗘𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗦 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗖 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖, 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗜𝗣𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘, 𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗞 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗙𝗟𝗜𝗚𝗛𝗧 Daniel Harding occupies a singular place among conductors of his generation. He has never been…

𝗩𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗿 𝗔𝘀𝗵𝗸𝗲𝗻𝗮𝘇𝘆: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗦𝘁𝗲𝗽𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗮𝗱 𝘁𝗼 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀 𝗩𝗹𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗺𝗶𝗿 𝗔𝘀𝗵𝗸𝗲𝗻𝗮𝘇𝘆 belongs to that rare category of pianists whose youth already contained the promise of a complete artistic personality.…

𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗥𝗔 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗜𝗥𝗥𝗢𝗥: 𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗔𝗣𝗣𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘, 𝗗𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗦, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗣𝗨𝗕𝗟𝗜𝗖 𝗜𝗠𝗔𝗚𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 To speak of 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻’s appearance is not merely to describe a face, a dress, or a series of…

𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗟𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗨𝗟𝗔𝗥𝗜 𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗕𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗘𝗧, 𝗥𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗣𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗨𝗥 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶 was born in 𝗞𝗶𝗲𝘃 on 𝟮𝟬 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟳 and died in 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻 on 𝟮𝟭 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟱, one…

𝗣𝗘𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗔𝗔𝗚 𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗘𝗧𝗜𝗖, 𝗦𝗣𝗜𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗨𝗔𝗟, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗨𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝗮𝗮𝗴, born 𝗘𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗮𝗴 on 𝟭𝟬 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟵 in 𝗦𝘁. 𝗚𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗻, Switzerland, and deceased on 𝟭𝟲 𝗔𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗹 𝟮𝟬𝟬𝟭 in…

𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗚𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗲𝗿: 𝗔 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗿𝗲, 𝗘𝘅𝗶𝗹𝗲, 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝘂𝗿𝘃𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹 𝗔 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲 The relationship between 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 and 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗚𝗲𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗲𝗿 was not a secondary episode in…

𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗧𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗔 𝗥𝗶𝗴𝗼𝗿𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗜𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗛𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗜. 𝗔𝗻 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘁𝗲: 𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 𝗠𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 was…

𝗔𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶: 𝗔 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗴𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗰𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 One important chapter in the life of 𝗔𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗝𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 was her marriage to the conductor 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗹𝗲…

𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 (Father of 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻) was born in 𝗘𝗻𝗱𝘀𝗰𝗵ü𝘁𝘇 on 𝟮 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟯, the son of a poor pastor. Although his early life seemed to direct him toward a practical commercial career, his…