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𝐎𝐭𝐦𝐚𝐫 𝐒𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐧𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐊𝐚𝐩𝐞𝐥𝐥𝐦𝐞𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐁𝐮𝐢𝐥𝐭 𝐀𝐫𝐭 𝐁𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐞𝐧 𝐓𝐰𝐨 𝐆𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬 There are conductors whose reputations are made by glamour, by controversy, or by a few world-famous recordings. And then there are conductors…

𝐊𝐀𝐑𝐋 𝐁𝐎̈𝐇𝐌 (𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟒–𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟏): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Karl Böhm (1894–1981) was born in Graz on 28 August 1894 and died in Salzburg on 14 August 1981. He studied law…

𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐒 𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐇𝐓𝐄𝐑 (𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟑–𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟔) 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐈𝐑𝐎𝐍 𝐀𝐑𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐓𝐄𝐂𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐖𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐄𝐑 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐁𝐑𝐀𝐇𝐌𝐒 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓 𝐊𝐀𝐏𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐌𝐄𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐇𝐄𝐋𝐏𝐄𝐃 𝐒𝐇𝐀𝐏𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐎𝐔𝐍𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐋𝐀𝐓𝐄 𝟏𝟗𝐓𝐇-𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐄𝐔𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐄 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐘 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 — 𝐀 𝐇𝐔𝐍𝐆𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐎𝐅 𝐒𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐃 𝐂𝐑𝐀𝐅𝐓…

𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐎 𝐓𝐎𝐒𝐂𝐀𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐈 (𝟏𝟖𝟔𝟕–𝟏𝟗𝟓𝟕): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Arturo Toscanini (1867–1957) was one of the most admired and feared conductors in modern history. He was born on 25 March 1867…

𝐀𝐍𝐍𝐄 𝐒𝐈𝐋𝐉𝐀 (𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎– ) 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐂𝐄 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐌𝐎𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐍 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐈𝐒𝐓 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐄𝐃 𝐖𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐎 𝐏𝐒𝐘𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐋𝐎𝐆𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐀𝐓𝐑𝐄 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐈𝐍 𝐖𝐀𝐑-𝐒𝐇𝐀𝐃𝐎𝐖𝐄𝐃 𝐆𝐄𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐘 𝐀𝐧𝐧𝐞 𝐒𝐢𝐥𝐣𝐚 (𝐛. 𝟏𝟕 𝐀𝐩𝐫𝐢𝐥 𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟎) was born in…

𝐑𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐄 𝐂𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐏𝐈𝐍 (𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟕–𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟕) 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐅𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐄 — 𝐀 𝐃𝐈𝐕𝐀 𝐁𝐄𝐓𝐖𝐄𝐄𝐍 𝐖𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐄𝐑, 𝐁𝐄𝐑𝐋𝐈𝐎𝐙 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐎𝐔𝐋 𝐎𝐅 𝐅𝐑𝐄𝐍𝐂𝐇 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐎𝐔𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐅𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐂𝐄 𝐑𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐂𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐩𝐢𝐧 (𝟐𝟑 𝐅𝐞𝐛𝐫𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟕 – 𝟓…

𝐌𝐀𝐗 𝐋𝐎𝐑𝐄𝐍𝐙 (𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟏–𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟓) - 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐆𝐍𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐒𝐀𝐍𝐆 𝐓𝐑𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐍 𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐇𝐀𝐃𝐎𝐖 𝐎𝐅 𝐇𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃𝐇𝐎𝐎𝐃 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐁𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐒 𝐌𝐚𝐱 𝐋𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐳 (𝟏𝟎 𝐌𝐚𝐲 𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟏 – 𝟏𝟏 𝐉𝐚𝐧𝐮𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝟏𝟗𝟕𝟓) was born in Düsseldorf, Germany, into…

𝐆𝐔𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐋𝐀 𝐉𝐀𝐍𝐎𝐖𝐈𝐓𝐙: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐈𝐋𝐕𝐄𝐑-𝐆𝐎𝐋𝐃 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐌𝐎𝐙𝐀𝐑𝐓, 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐏𝐔𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐋𝐘𝐑𝐈𝐂 𝐈𝐃𝐄𝐀𝐋 𝐎𝐅 𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐓𝐖𝐀𝐑 𝐄𝐔𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐄 Gundula Janowitz belongs to that very rare group of sopranos whose voices seem to exist almost beyond ordinary…

𝐖𝐨𝐦𝐞𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐖𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐞𝐫: 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫, 𝐒𝐚𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐞, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 Wagner’s female characters are among the most compelling in nineteenth-century opera. Isolde, Brünnhilde, Elisabeth, Senta, Kundry and others possess immense dramatic force, psychological intensity, and symbolic importance.…

𝐋𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐀𝐙𝐄𝐋 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐁𝐄𝐂𝐀𝐌𝐄 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐋𝐘 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐀𝐒𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐇𝐄𝐍𝐎𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐎𝐍 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐃𝐈𝐆𝐘 — 𝟏𝟗𝟑𝟎 𝐋𝐨𝐫𝐢𝐧 𝐕𝐚𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐯𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐌𝐚𝐚𝐳𝐞𝐥 was born on 𝟔 𝐌𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡…

𝐄𝐑𝐍𝐒𝐓 𝐕𝐎𝐍 𝐒𝐂𝐇𝐔𝐂𝐇 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐈𝐋𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐒𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐈𝐆𝐍 𝐎𝐅 𝐃𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐃𝐄𝐍: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐆𝐀𝐕𝐄 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒 𝐀 𝐊𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐃𝐎𝐌 𝐈. 𝐁𝐎𝐇𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐁𝐄𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐍𝐈𝐍𝐆𝐒 — 𝐀 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐁𝐎𝐑𝐍 𝐁𝐄𝐓𝐖𝐄𝐄𝐍 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐋𝐃𝐒 (1846–1860s) 𝐄𝐫𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐯𝐨𝐧 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐮𝐜𝐡 was born on 23 November…

## **𝐇𝐄𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐍 𝐖𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐄𝐋𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐍 (𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟗–𝟏𝟗𝟏𝟐)** **A Rigorous Essay on His Life and Professional Activity** ## **𝐈. 𝐎𝐫𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐔𝐧𝐮𝐬𝐮𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐚𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐨 𝐒𝐢𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐠 (𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟗–𝟏𝟖𝟕𝟓)** **Hermann Winkelmann** was born on **March 8, 1849, in Brunswick (Braunschweig), Germany**.…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗨𝗥𝗔 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗬 — 𝗔𝗡 𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗔𝗬 𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗘𝗫𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗢𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗬 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗠𝗔 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗩𝗢𝗡 𝗞𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗝𝗔𝗡 Few conductors in the history of classical music generated such fascination, admiration, controversy, and myth as Herbert von Karajan.…

𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿 — 𝗔 𝗣𝘀𝘆𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁 To understand Richard Wagner psychologically is to step into a mind that experienced life as an unfolding drama. He did not simply compose operas; he experienced existence itself…

# **Andromeda Remastered 4 ** **ANDRCD9024** **Bruckner** – Symphonies Nos. 4, 7 & 8 – Otto Klemperer (1954–1957) **ANDRCD9025** **Schubert** – Symphonies Nos. 8 & 9 – Hans Knappertsbusch (Live 1950–1957) **ANDRCD9027** **Strauss** –…

# **Richard Wagner and His World - Thomas S. Grey ** [https://classicalarchive.org/richard-wagner-and-his-world-thomas-s-grey/](https://classicalarchive.org/richard-wagner-and-his-world-thomas-s-grey/)** ** **History, conception, and intellectual scope of the book** **Richard Wagner and His World** belongs to the distinguished **“Composer and His World”**…

# **La Discothèque Idéale de Diapason : Beethoven - Les symphonies ** [https://www.patreon.com/posts/la-discotheque-147867179?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link](https://www.patreon.com/posts/la-discotheque-147867179?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link) **Symphony No. 1 in C major, Op. 21** Arturo Toscanini – NBC Symphony Orchestra **Symphony No. 1 in C major, Op.…

# **Hans Knappertsbusch: The Last High Priest of Wagner** Half a century ago, on **October 25, 1965**, **Hans Knappertsbusch**—“**Kna**” to musicians and devotees—departed for **Walhalla**, leaving behind one of the most singular legacies in…

# **Between Monumentality and Neglect: Hans Knappertsbusch on Stage and on Disc** **Hans Knappertsbusch** (1888–1965) remains one of the most **polarizing figures in 20th-century conducting**. Few conductors have inspired such **reverence and irritation at…

# **Hans Knappertsbusch - Great Live Performances 1940-1964 [50CD Box Set] - Part 1 (CDs 1 to 20) ** [https://www.patreon.com/posts/hans-great-live-147736124?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link](https://www.patreon.com/posts/hans-great-live-147736124?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link) **CD 1**: **Liszt**: "Prelude" (1941 BPO) / **Wagner**: Journey to the Rhine of Siegfried…

# **Martha Mödl – A Life Lived at the Burning Edge of Wagnerian Tragedy** Martha Mödl was not a singer who aimed at beauty. She aimed at **truth**, and she paid for it with…

# **Wolfgang Sawallisch — His Relationships with Musicians, Soloists, Singers, and Fellow Conductors** **1. A Musician’s Conductor** Wolfgang Sawallisch was universally regarded as **a conductor trusted by musicians**. Unlike many podium figures whose authority…

# **Wolfgang Sawallisch — Anecdotes and Curiosities from a Life in Music (1923–2013)** **1. A Bavarian Childhood Marked by Discipline and Silence** Wolfgang Sawallisch was born on **August 26, 1923, in Munich**, into a…

# **Bruno Walter with Rosette Anday and Jacques Urlus ** ## **Rosette Anday & Jacques Urlus** **Two singular voices of early 20th-century opera ** **Rosette Anday (1899–1977)** Born in Budapest, Rosette Anday was one…