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# **MICHAEL VOGL (1768–1840): THE DEVOTED MENTOR-FRIEND** ## **I. Origins, Early Formation, and the Making of a Viennese Baritone** Michael Vogl was born on **August 10, 1768**, in the Upper Austrian market town of…

# **THE DEATH OF JEAN-MARIE LECLAIR — A COMPLETE ANALYSIS** *Murder, mystery, and the fall of a French master* Few deaths in the history of classical music are as dramatic or as shrouded in…

🎼 History of the Conservatorio Giovanni Battista Martini, Bologna Founding and Early Years (1804–1839) Founded on December 3, 1804, as the Liceo Filarmonico di Bologna, it was the first municipal music school in Italy,…

Auer, Max * May 6, 1880 Vöcklabruck, Upper Austria/A, † September 24, 1962 Bad Ischl, Upper Austria/A. teacher, writer. One of the most important Bruckner researchers alongside August Göllerich and Franz Gräflinger , completed…

Serge Koussevitzky http://www.classical.net/music/guide/society/krs/koussbio.php In 1940, Koussevitzky established the Berkshire (now Tanglewood) Music Center as a school to train the most promising young composers, conductors, and instrumentalists. He himself taught the conducting classes there, and…

𝐀𝐑𝐂𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄𝐋𝐎 𝐂𝐎𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐈 𝐀𝐒 𝐀 𝐓𝐄𝐀𝐂𝐇𝐄𝐑 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐍 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐓𝐀𝐔𝐆𝐇𝐓 𝐄𝐔𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐄 𝐇𝐎𝐖 𝐓𝐎 𝐏𝐋𝐀𝐘 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐕𝐈𝐎𝐋𝐈𝐍 Arcangelo Corelli occupies an unusual position in the history of musical pedagogy. He left no violin method, no systematic…

𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐆𝐇 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐒, 𝐋𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐑𝐈𝐕𝐀𝐋𝐒 𝐁𝐘 𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐑𝐄 𝐇. 𝐀𝐙𝐎𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐈𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐒 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒, 𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟏–𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟗 𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐏𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝟕 — 𝐀 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐓𝐑𝐔𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐅𝐈𝐃𝐀𝐍𝐓 𝐖𝐎𝐘𝐂𝐈𝐄𝐂𝐇 𝐆𝐑𝐙𝐘𝐌𝐀Ł𝐀 Among the many people who entered…

𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐄𝐋 – 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐀𝐓 𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐎𝐒 – 𝐁𝐎𝐗 𝐒𝐄𝐓 𝟒𝟏 𝐂𝐃𝐬 𝐂𝐃 𝟏–𝟐 Handel: 𝐋𝐚 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐳𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐞, 𝐇𝐖𝐕 𝟒𝟕 Emma Kirkby (soprano), Patrizia Kwella (soprano), Carolyn Watkinson (contralto), Ian Partridge (tenor), David Thomas (bass) The Academy…

𝐉Ó𝐙𝐄𝐅 𝐄𝐋𝐒𝐍𝐄𝐑 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐅𝐑𝐘𝐃𝐄𝐑𝐘𝐊 𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐓𝐄𝐀𝐂𝐇𝐄𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐑𝐄𝐂𝐎𝐆𝐍𝐈𝐙𝐄𝐃 𝐀 𝐆𝐄𝐍𝐈𝐔𝐒 Józef Elsner (1769–1854) was one of the decisive figures in Chopin’s artistic formation. Strictly speaking, Elsner was primarily a composer, conductor, theorist…

𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐆𝐇 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐒, 𝐋𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐑𝐈𝐕𝐀𝐋𝐒 𝐁𝐘 𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐑𝐄 𝐇. 𝐀𝐙𝐎𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐑𝐒𝐀𝐖 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒, 𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟎–𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟎 𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐏𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝟑 — 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂 𝐓𝐄𝐀𝐂𝐇𝐄𝐑 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐉Ó𝐙𝐄𝐅 𝐄𝐋𝐒𝐍𝐄𝐑 When 𝐅𝐫𝐲𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐲𝐤 𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐧 completed his piano…

𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐆𝐇 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐒, 𝐋𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐑𝐈𝐕𝐀𝐋𝐒 𝐁𝐘 𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐑𝐄 𝐇. 𝐀𝐙𝐎𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐑𝐒𝐀𝐖 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒, 𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟎–𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟎 𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐏𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝟐 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐒𝐓 𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐄 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐒 𝐉𝐀𝐍 𝐁𝐈𝐀Ł𝐎𝐁Ł𝐎𝐂𝐊𝐈, 𝐉𝐀𝐍 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐒𝐙𝐘Ń𝐒𝐊𝐈, 𝐉𝐔𝐋𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐅𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐀, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐘𝐓𝐔𝐒…

𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐆𝐇 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐅𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐃𝐒, 𝐋𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐑𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐑𝐈𝐕𝐀𝐋𝐒 𝐁𝐘 𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐑𝐑𝐄 𝐇. 𝐀𝐙𝐎𝐔𝐑𝐘 𝐏𝐀𝐑𝐓 𝐈 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐖𝐀𝐑𝐒𝐀𝐖 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒, 𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟎–𝟏𝟖𝟑𝟎 𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐏𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝟏 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐒𝐓 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍’𝐒 𝐅𝐀𝐌𝐈𝐋𝐘 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒 The first people…

𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐆𝐇 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐄𝐘𝐄𝐒 𝐎𝐅 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐒 𝐁𝐈𝐁𝐋𝐈𝐎𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐏𝐇𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐈𝐍𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍 Original title: 𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐩𝐢𝐧 𝐓𝐡𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐠𝐡 𝐇𝐢𝐬 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬: 𝐅𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐝𝐬, 𝐋𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝐢𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐬 Author: 𝐏𝐢𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐞 𝐇. 𝐀𝐳𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐲 First published: 𝐈𝐧 𝟏𝟗𝟗𝟗 Publisher: 𝐆𝐫𝐞𝐞𝐧𝐰𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬, Westport, Connecticut, and London…

𝐁𝐑𝐔𝐍𝐎 𝐖𝐀𝐋𝐓𝐄𝐑 — 𝐌𝐀𝐇𝐋𝐄𝐑’𝐒 𝐂𝐋𝐎𝐒𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐌𝐔𝐒𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐈𝐒𝐂𝐈𝐏𝐋𝐄 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐂𝐀𝐑𝐑𝐈𝐄𝐃 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐄𝐆𝐀𝐂𝐘 𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐎 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐔𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄 Bruno Walter was much more than one of the leading conductors of the twentieth century. He was…

# **MENDELSSOHN’S MUSICAL INFLUENCE ON OTHER COMPOSERS** The influence of **Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847)** was far deeper than is sometimes acknowledged. He did not create a clearly defined “school” in the manner of Wagner or…

𝐇𝐎𝐖𝐀𝐑𝐃 𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐒𝐎𝐍 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐄𝐑 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐊𝐄𝐏𝐓 𝐑𝐎𝐌𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐂𝐈𝐒𝐌 𝐀𝐋𝐈𝐕𝐄 𝐈𝐍 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝟐𝟎𝐓𝐇 𝐂𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐘 Howard Hanson (1896–1981) occupies a unique place in American music. At a time when many 𝐭𝐰𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐭𝐡-𝐜𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐲 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐬 embraced 𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲, 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐬𝐦, 𝐚𝐧𝐝…

𝐆𝐔𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐕 𝐇𝐎𝐋𝐒𝐓 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐄𝐃 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑𝐏𝐈𝐄𝐂𝐄... 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐍 𝐒𝐏𝐄𝐍𝐓 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐎𝐅 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 𝐓𝐑𝐘𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐓𝐎 𝐄𝐒𝐂𝐀𝐏𝐄 𝐈𝐓 One of Britain's greatest composers became world-famous for a work he never wanted to define his career.…

𝟭𝟬 𝗙𝗮𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗙𝗮𝗰𝘁𝘀 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗿-𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗔𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘁 𝗠𝗶𝗸𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗹 𝗚𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸𝗮 𝟭. 𝗛𝗲 𝗜𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 "𝗙𝗮𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗢𝗳 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰" Although Russia had composers before him, Glinka was the first to create a truly national…

𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗞𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗥𝗔𝗩𝗘𝗟 — 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗠𝗨𝗧𝗨𝗔𝗟 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗬 𝗧𝗢 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗪𝗢 𝗠𝗢𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗡 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗦 The relationship between 𝗜𝗴𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗸𝘆 and 𝗠𝗮𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗥𝗮𝘃𝗲𝗹 was one of the most significant artistic friendships of the years immediately…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩𝗜 — 𝗠𝗶𝗿𝗿𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟮𝟵 — 𝗕𝘂𝘀𝗼𝗻𝗶, 𝗦𝗺𝗲𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗮, 𝗥𝗶𝗺𝘀𝗸𝘆-𝗞𝗼𝗿𝘀𝗮𝗸𝗼𝗳𝗳: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗔𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲 The afterlife of 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 did not begin after his death in 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟲.…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗩𝗜 — 𝗠𝗶𝗿𝗿𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟮𝟴 — 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗮𝘀 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿, 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟵–𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟲 There is a final image of 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 that is as important as the young…