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𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗜𝗡𝗙𝗟𝗨𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗢𝗡 𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞𝗦 Anton Bruckner’s influence on later composers was profound, though not always straightforward. Unlike Wagner, whose influence was immediately visible in opera, harmony, and aesthetics, Bruckner’s legacy developed…

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐇𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐥 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟮: 𝗟𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗢𝗡 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗤𝗨𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗗 — 𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟𝗗𝗢 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗡𝗧 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗘 (𝟭𝟳𝟭𝟬–𝟭𝟳𝟭𝟮) When Handel moved from 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 toward 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻, he was no longer the uncertain young musician who had once left…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟳 — 𝗙𝗜𝗚𝗛𝗧 𝗔𝗚𝗔𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧 𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗽𝗵𝘆𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 (𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟯–𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟰) If Chapter 6 revealed the existence of 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀 within…

𝗚𝗜𝗨𝗦𝗘𝗣𝗣𝗘 𝗗𝗜 𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗙𝗔𝗡𝗢: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗢𝗟𝗗𝗘𝗡 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗔 𝗕𝗶𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆 𝗶𝗻 20 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀, 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗰𝘆 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗡𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗟𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗜𝘁𝘀 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲 1. 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗧𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝗦𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗹𝘆 Giuseppe Di Stefano was…

𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐇𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐥 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟭: 𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗢𝗔𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗘𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗔𝗡𝗗 (𝟭𝟳𝟭𝟬) The victory of 𝗔𝗴𝗿𝗶𝗽𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗮 in Venice did not simply crown Handel’s Italian years; it changed the direction of his entire…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟰 — 𝗢𝗣𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗘𝗦 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗳𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗱𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽, 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗵𝗼𝗽𝗲𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝘄𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘇𝗼𝗻𝘀 (𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟵) With this fourth chapter, Schubert’s life begins to open outward in…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮𝟭 — 𝗧𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗕𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗗** ## **𝗜. 𝗙𝗜𝗚𝗔𝗥𝗢 𝗔𝗙𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗘𝗥𝗘: 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗦𝗨𝗖𝗖𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘** One of the most striking aspects of this moment in Mozart’s…

𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟬: 𝗡𝗔𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗦, 𝗩𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗚𝗥𝗜𝗣𝗣𝗜𝗡𝗔 (𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟴–𝟭𝟳𝟭𝟬) If Rome had revealed to Handel that a city without opera could still become a place of musical glory, the…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮𝟬 — 𝗜𝗙 𝗬𝗢𝗨 𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗧 𝗧𝗢 𝗗𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘, 𝗠𝗬 𝗟𝗜𝗧𝗧𝗟𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗧** ## **𝗜. 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧, 𝗗𝗔 𝗣𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗘𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗜𝗚𝗔𝗥𝗢** In the **middle of 1785**, Mozart approached…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗟𝗔𝗖𝗘 𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗛 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗬 “𝗥𝗼𝗼𝗺𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗦𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗥𝗼𝗼𝗺𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻” (𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟮–𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟰) 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭: 𝗡𝗼𝘁 𝗢𝗻𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝗼𝗺, 𝗕𝘂𝘁 𝗔 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗥𝗼𝗼𝗺𝘀 When people speak of the room where Beethoven composed…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝟰𝟴 𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗨𝗗𝗪𝗜𝗚 𝗩𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗜. 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗘𝗡𝗨𝗟𝗧𝗜𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 — 𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗖𝗛 𝟮𝟰, 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟳 The light that entered Beethoven’s room on the morning of 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟮𝟰, 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟳, was not the light of…

𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 1. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗴𝘆 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗢𝘂𝘁𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 Felix Mendelssohn was not merely a talented child — he was 𝗮 𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗻. Born in Hamburg in 1809 into a…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗛𝗢𝗢𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗫 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗛𝗡 (𝗜) “𝗔 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁” (𝟭𝟴𝟬𝟵–𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟲) 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝟭: 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗶𝗻 𝗧𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗲𝘀 Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy was born on 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟯, 𝟭𝟴𝟬𝟵, in Hamburg, into a family that embodied the…

𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗛𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗚𝗢𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗘: 𝗔 𝗥𝗔𝗥𝗘 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗬𝗢𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗙𝗨𝗟 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗧𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗥𝗦𝗧 𝗠𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗚: 𝗪𝗘𝗜𝗠𝗔𝗥, 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟭 Felix Mendelssohn first met Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟭, when the boy was only 𝗧𝘄𝗲𝗹𝘃𝗲…

𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗵𝗻 — 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗹𝗲𝘁𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗢𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟮 Quartet for pianoforte, violin, viola, and violoncello in C minor, Op. 1 (Berlin). 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟯 Quartet for pianoforte, violin, viola, and violoncello in F minor,…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟳: 𝗛𝗔𝗠𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗜𝗡 𝗥𝗨𝗜𝗡𝗦, 𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗬 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 (𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟱–𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟲) The success of 𝗔𝗹𝗺𝗶𝗿𝗮 might seem, at first glance, like the beginning of a secure ascent. A young composer…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴: 𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘, 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗬 (𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟲–𝟭𝟳𝟬𝟳) When Handel left Hamburg in the autumn of 1706, he was not fleeing failure. He was leaving behind a…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - **𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟵 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦𝗧 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗟𝗘𝗢𝗣𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗜𝗡 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗙𝗔𝗖𝗘𝗦 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗢𝗡’𝗦 𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗨𝗠𝗣𝗛 In February 1785, 𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 came to Vienna and found, not the impulsive rebel…

𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗢𝗟𝗢 𝗣𝗔𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗜: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗖 𝗩𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗨𝗢𝗦𝗢 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗥 𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗬 𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗦 𝗜𝗡 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗢𝗔: 𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗜𝗘𝗥𝗖𝗘 𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗦𝗛 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗜𝗣𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘 Nicolo Paganini was born in 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗮 𝗼𝗻 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟳, 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟮, into a…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗖𝗢𝗦𝗜 𝗙𝗔𝗡 𝗧𝗨𝗧𝗧𝗘 Complete Audio Recordings in patreon: https://www.patreon.com/collection/2107924 There are operas that win affection immediately, and others whose greatness reveals itself more slowly. 𝗖𝗼𝘀ì 𝗳𝗮𝗻 𝘁𝘂𝘁𝘁𝗲 belongs to that second category. At…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗗𝗢𝗡 𝗚𝗜𝗢𝗩𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗜 Complete Audio Recordings in Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/collection/2107867 There are operas that dazzle by beauty, others that impress by dramatic force, and a very small number that seem to contain 𝗮𝗻 𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗿𝗲 𝘃𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻…

𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 - 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝟮𝟭 𝘁𝗼 𝟰𝟭 - 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗴𝗲𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘄 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 - 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗳 𝗞𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘀 https://www.patreon.com/posts/mozart-21-to-41-138352267?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗳 𝗞𝗿𝗶𝗽𝘀 occupies a very special place in the 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆. He was not a “revolutionary”…

𝐉𝐮𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐭: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐞𝐭 𝐎𝐟 𝐅𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐡 𝐎𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐄𝐥𝐞𝐠𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞, 𝐒𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐮𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐭𝐲, 𝐀𝐧𝐝 𝐌𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐥𝐲 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐌𝐚𝐠𝐢𝐜 There are composers who dominate by monumentality, and others who conquer through something apparently lighter but no less…

# **𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - Chapter 18 - Long and Laborious Effort** **I. Vienna in Motion: The Trattnerhof and the Economy of Genius** At the opening of **1784**, Mozart is no longer merely…