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𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 — 𝗠𝗜𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗗𝗔𝗧𝗘, 𝗥𝗘 𝗗𝗜 𝗣𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗢, 𝗞𝗩 𝟴𝟳 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗘𝗥𝗘, 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗨𝗠𝗣𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗙𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗘𝗘𝗡-𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥-𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗶𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗲, 𝗿𝗲 𝗱𝗶 𝗣𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗼, 𝗞𝗩 𝟴𝟳, was the first full-scale 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝘀𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗮 that Mozart composed…

𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗜𝗨 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗕𝗜𝗗𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗡 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗥: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗘𝗧𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗦𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗗, 𝗦𝗜𝗟𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗜𝗠𝗘 Among the great Bruckner conductors of the twentieth century, 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗶𝘂 𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗯𝗶𝗱𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲 occupies a position unlike anyone else. He was not a “Brucknerian”…

𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛 𝗞𝗟𝗘𝗜𝗕𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 “𝗘𝗥𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗔” 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗛 𝗧𝗛𝗔𝗧 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗦𝗢𝗡 𝗡𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗥 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘅 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗰𝘆 One of the most fascinating paradoxes in the history of conducting is that 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗼𝘀 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗿,…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗴𝗼: 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀 𝗠𝗮̈𝗸𝗲𝗹𝗮̈ 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗗𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗴𝗼 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 The history of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra is the history of an American institution founded…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗴𝗲𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘄 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗺 𝗞𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀 𝗠𝗮̈𝗸𝗲𝗹𝗮̈: 𝗔 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝗺𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗮𝗺’𝘀 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Few orchestras in the world have constructed their identity through so small and so…

𝗦𝗜𝗥 𝗦𝗜𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗟𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝟮𝟭𝘀𝘁 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆, 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗱𝗶𝗴𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗿𝗲𝗶𝗻𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗱𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝟮𝟬𝟬𝟮–𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟴 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗔𝗯𝗯𝗮𝗱𝗼 𝘁𝗼 𝗥𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗹𝗲: 𝗮 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗾𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗳𝗼𝗿…

𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗨𝗗𝗜𝗢 𝗔𝗕𝗕𝗔𝗗𝗢 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗥 “𝗜’𝗺 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆𝗼𝗻𝗲.” 𝗔 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆, 𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘂𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟬–𝟮𝟬𝟬𝟮 𝗔𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗷𝗮𝗻: 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗮𝘁 𝗮 𝗵𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱𝘀 When 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗔𝗯𝗯𝗮𝗱𝗼 was…

𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗩𝗢𝗡 𝗞𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗝𝗔𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱, 𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗴𝗹𝗼𝗯𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗴𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟲–𝟭𝟵𝟴𝟵 𝗔 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗮𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮̈𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿 When 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗷𝗮𝗻 became chief conductor of the 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗸𝗲𝗿…

𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗜𝗨 𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗕𝗜𝗗𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘆𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝘂𝗻𝗸𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝘄𝗵𝗼 𝗿𝗲𝗯𝘂𝗶𝗹𝘁 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝘂𝗶𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻 — 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘄𝗵𝗼 𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝘁𝗿𝗶𝘂𝗺𝗽𝗵 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟱–𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟰 | 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟮 𝗔𝗻 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮…

𝗪𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗘𝗟𝗠 𝗙𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗪𝗔̈𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗮𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗵𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟮–𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟰 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟮–𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟰 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗿𝗱 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮’𝘀 𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘆 In the early history of…

𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗬 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗧, 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗬 𝗗𝗘𝗦𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟬𝘀 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗵𝘂𝗿 𝗡𝗶𝗸𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗵 𝘁𝗼 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮̈𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿: 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝘁, 𝗺𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗰𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗴𝗹𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗔 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗱𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗮 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 The 1920s opened…

𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗛𝗨𝗥 𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗛 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝘄𝗵𝗼 𝗴𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗶𝘁𝘀 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝘃𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟱–𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟮 𝗔 𝘀𝘂𝗰𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗿 𝗻𝗼 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗲𝗮𝘀𝗶𝗹𝘆 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗱𝗶𝗰𝘁 When 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗕𝘂̈𝗹𝗼𝘄 withdrew from…

𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵 𝗘𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗧𝗼 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵 𝗘𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗵 — born on 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟮𝟬, 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟬, in 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘂, then Germany and today Wrocław, Poland — belongs to that rare category of musicians whose life…

𝗗𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗘𝗟 𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗗𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗠𝗣𝗘𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗦 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗖 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗧𝗪𝗘𝗘𝗡 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖, 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗜𝗣𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘, 𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗞 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗙𝗟𝗜𝗚𝗛𝗧 Daniel Harding occupies a singular place among conductors of his generation. He has never been…

𝗘𝗨𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗘 𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗬 𝗤𝗨𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝟭. “𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗶𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗻𝗹𝘆 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗮𝗴𝗲 in which you cannot say a mean or sarcastic thing.” Interview, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗬𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗲𝘀, 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟬 𝟮. “𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗶𝘀 𝗹𝗶𝗸𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮; you must…

𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗘́ 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗚𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗩 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗙𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗦𝗧, 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗜𝗟𝗬 𝗧𝗜𝗘𝗦, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗜𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 The relationship between 𝗔𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗝𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗳 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝗲́ 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟯–𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟲 and 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟬–𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟭 was one of the most significant intersections of…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝘂𝗺𝗽𝗵𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗽𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗸𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗲 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟮–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟰 Chapter 1 of Volume II opens a new book in…

𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗢𝗟𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗨𝗟𝗔𝗥𝗜 𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗣𝗢𝗥𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗢𝗙 𝗕𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗘𝗧, 𝗥𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗣𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗨𝗥 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗹𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶 was born in 𝗞𝗶𝗲𝘃 on 𝟮𝟬 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟳 and died in 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻 on 𝟮𝟭 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟱, one…

𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗱 𝗚𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘁 — 𝗔 𝗣𝘀𝘆𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗧𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗦𝘂𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗔 𝗥𝗶𝗴𝗼𝗿𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗘𝘀𝘀𝗮𝘆 𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗜𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 To understand 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 only as a…

𝗕𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗹𝗶𝗰𝘁: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 The history of orchestral conducting is not made only of great interpretations, legendary recordings, schools of performance, and unforgettable…

𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗛𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰: 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗪𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻, 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿, 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿, 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗲 The relationship of 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗛𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲 and 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗻 with classical music was profound,…

𝗝𝗲𝗮𝗻-𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗹𝗴𝗼𝗶𝗿𝗲 (𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟬–𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟴): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗯𝗼𝗲, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹, 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮, 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗵 𝗥𝗲𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 Mozart, Neukomm - "Brazilian" Requiem K. 626 - Malgoire https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0IDHFM5eIg 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗣𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼…

𝗡𝗶𝗸𝗼𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘁 (𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟵–𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟲): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝘂𝘁𝗵, 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗥𝗵𝗲𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰, 𝗗𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗮, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗧𝗮𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗸 𝗔𝗴𝗮𝗶𝗻 𝗡𝗶𝗸𝗼𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀 𝗛𝗮𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘁 was born on 𝟲 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟵…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗕𝗿ü𝗴𝗴𝗲𝗻 (𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟰–𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟰): 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮, 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗮𝘆 𝗪𝗲 𝗛𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗕𝗿ü𝗴𝗴𝗲𝗻 was born in…