
𝗛𝗢𝗪 𝗚𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗩 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧 – 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗔 𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗥
𝗛𝗢𝗪 𝗚𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗩 𝗠𝗔𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧 – 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗧 𝗔 𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘄𝗵𝗼𝗺 𝗱𝗶𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴? 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝘂𝗿𝗽𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝘀𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝘀: 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗻𝗼 𝗼𝗻𝗲. At the time, conducting was not yet a formal discipline…
Article2022–Aug 2026
















