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𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻’𝘀 “𝗠𝗼𝗼𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁” 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗮: 𝗔 𝗡𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗜𝗻𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗗𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗮, 𝗟𝗼𝘃𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗼𝗹𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Beethoven Piano Sonata No.14 in C sharp minor, Op.27-2 "Moonlight" - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aqaHP0FcJsU The work we now call the 𝗠𝗼𝗼𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗮 was composed by…

𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗔𝗧 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡’𝗦 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗗 𝗔 𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗼𝗿𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗮𝗰𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀, 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗱𝗼𝗰𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗱, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗽𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗲𝗽𝗶𝘀𝗼𝗱𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟳 The episode of 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 visiting the dying 𝗟𝘂𝗱𝘄𝗶𝗴 𝘃𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 is one…

𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧’𝗦 𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝗗𝗔𝗬 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗱𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗿𝘁𝘆-𝗼𝗻𝗲-𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿-𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝟭𝟵 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟴 Franz Schubert died in Vienna on 𝗪𝗲𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗮𝘆, 𝟭𝟵 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟴, at the age of only thirty-one. His death took…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗞 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟮 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗽𝗵𝗮𝘀𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲: 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗰𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘂𝗻𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗳𝘂𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 With Chapter 12, Schubert’s life enters its…

𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗪𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗱 𝗚𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘁 — 𝗔 𝗣𝘀𝘆𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗣𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗧𝘂𝗿𝗻𝗲𝗱 𝗦𝘂𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝗔𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗔 𝗥𝗶𝗴𝗼𝗿𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗘𝘀𝘀𝗮𝘆 𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗜𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 To understand 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 only as a…

𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗿𝗱: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗲, 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗔 𝗥𝗶𝗴𝗼𝗿𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗦𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆 The recorded legacy of 𝗢𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗿 is one of the most imposing…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗘𝗜𝗚𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 — 𝗝𝗔𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗩𝗜𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 Jan Swafford’s 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗟𝗼𝘃𝗲 is one of the most ambitious recent attempts to rescue Mozart from the heavy mythological machinery…

# 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝗘𝗽𝗶𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘂𝗲 # 𝗘𝘁 𝗟𝘂𝘅 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗽𝗲𝘁𝘂𝗮 𝗟𝘂𝗰𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗘𝗶𝘀 ## 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 Death in the eighteenth century was never extraordinary in itself. Disease moved quickly through Europe, medicine…

𝗔𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗝𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 — 𝗚𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗶 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗦𝘂𝗿𝘃𝗶𝘃𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗗𝗮𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗔𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗝𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿, known in the family as 𝗚𝘂𝗰𝗸𝗶, was born in Vienna on 15 June 1904 and died in…

𝗕𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗳𝗹𝗶𝗰𝘁: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗗𝗶𝘀𝗮𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 The history of orchestral conducting is not made only of great interpretations, legendary recordings, schools of performance, and unforgettable…

𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗛𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰: 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗪𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀 𝗕𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻, 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗲𝗿, 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿, 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗧𝗶𝗺𝗲 The relationship of 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗛𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲 and 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗻 with classical music was profound,…

𝗙𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗱𝗼𝘄 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗡𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗟𝗶𝗻𝗸 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗛𝗼𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗵𝗼𝗹𝗱 The relationship between 𝗙𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 (1849–1891) and 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 was not one of artistic…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗘 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖 𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗧𝗘 𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗟𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗦 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻, 𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟴–𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟵: 𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗲𝘅𝗵𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗳𝗮𝗶𝘁𝗵, 𝗽𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝘀𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗜. 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻, 𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟴–𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟵 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗯𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗠𝗮𝗻 𝗜𝗻…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗩𝗦. 𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗟𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗦 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗴𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟱, 𝘁𝘄𝗼 𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗶𝗰 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝘀, 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗼𝗰𝘂𝗹𝗶𝘀𝘁, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝘄𝗼 𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗱𝗶𝗳𝗳𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝘄𝗮𝘆𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝘆𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗜. 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗠𝗲𝗻 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗶𝗻…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗘𝗔𝗡-𝗕𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗟𝗟𝗬 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗧𝗘 𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗟𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗦 𝗜𝗹𝗹𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗲, 𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗲, 𝗿𝗲𝗽𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗿𝗼𝘆𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗵 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗡𝗲𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗰𝗰𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗗𝗶𝗱…

𝗟𝗨𝗟𝗟𝗬’𝗦 𝗥𝗘𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗪𝗜𝗧𝗛 𝗟𝗢𝗨𝗜𝗦 𝗫𝗜𝗩 𝗜𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗦 𝗔 𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝗲𝘃𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿, 𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗹, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗦𝘂𝗻 𝗞𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗙𝗮𝘃𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗲 In the last decade of…

𝗧𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗜𝗟𝗬: 𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗦, 𝗜𝗡𝗙𝗟𝗨𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗦, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔 𝗤𝗨𝗜𝗘𝗧, 𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗣 𝗔 𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝘀𝘁𝘂𝗱𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗽𝗽 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻, 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗦𝗲𝗯𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗽𝗽 𝗘𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗲𝗹 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗜.…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝟰𝟴 𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗔 𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗳𝗮𝗶𝘁𝗵, 𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝘀𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗽𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗵𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗲𝗰𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗖𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻: 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗖𝗮𝗻 𝗮𝗻𝗱…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗦𝗬𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗙𝗜𝗟𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗗𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗬𝗘𝗔𝗥 𝟭𝟳𝟰𝟵–𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟬: 𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗳𝗮𝗶𝘁𝗵, 𝗰𝗼𝘂𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗽𝗼𝗶𝗻𝘁, 𝗳𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗶𝗻𝘄𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗱𝘆𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗱 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗢𝗿𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗙𝗮𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗤𝘂𝗶𝗲𝘁 𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗽𝘀𝗲…

𝗦𝗔𝗜𝗡𝗧 𝗖𝗘𝗖𝗜𝗟𝗜𝗔: 𝗣𝗔𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗡 𝗦𝗔𝗜𝗡𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆, 𝘀𝘆𝗺𝗯𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗺, 𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀 𝗶𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗵𝗲𝗿 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗦𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁 𝗪𝗵𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗦𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗦𝗮𝗶𝗻𝘁 𝗖𝗲𝗰𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗮 occupies one of the most poetic positions in Western…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗘𝗡𝗥𝗬 𝗣𝗨𝗥𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗟 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗧𝗘 𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗟𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗦 𝗜𝗹𝗹𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗺𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘆, 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻, 𝗪𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗺𝗶𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘀𝗶𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗹𝗲𝗳𝘁 𝗯𝘆 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱’𝘀 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘂𝗱𝗱𝗲𝗻 𝗘𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗢𝗿𝗽𝗵𝗲𝘂𝘀 𝗕𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶𝗰𝘂𝘀 𝗛𝗲𝗻𝗿𝘆 𝗣𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹 died in…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗢𝗟𝗘𝗦𝗜 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗧𝗘 𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗟𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗦 𝗜𝗹𝗹𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀, 𝗯𝗶𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆, 𝗺𝘆𝘁𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗽𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗻 𝗚𝗶𝗼𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶 𝗕𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗼𝗹𝗲𝘀𝗶…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗢 𝗩𝗜𝗩𝗔𝗟𝗗𝗜 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗧𝗘 𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗟𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗦 𝗜𝗹𝗹𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗽𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘁𝘆, 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲, 𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗶𝘀𝗳𝗼𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗻𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗲𝗻 𝗳𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗿𝗼𝗻𝘆: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗱 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗗𝘆𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗙𝗮𝗿 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗩𝗲𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗼…

𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗮𝘀 𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗼𝗼𝗹 𝗼𝗳 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗗𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗮 The encounter between 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 and 𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶 belongs to one of the most formative episodes in early eighteenth-century music. It was…