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𝗗𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗗 𝗢𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗞𝗛: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗡𝗢𝗕𝗟𝗘 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡 𝗗𝗮𝘃𝗶𝗱 𝗢𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗸𝗵 was born in 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟴 in 𝗢𝗱𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮, then part of the Russian Empire, and died in 𝟭𝟵𝟳𝟰 in 𝗔𝗺𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗮𝗺. He became one of the greatest…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗠𝗘𝗫𝗜𝗖𝗢 𝗖𝗜𝗧𝗬: 𝗔 𝗚𝗘𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗜𝗕𝗨𝗧𝗘 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗘𝗫𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗡 𝗣𝗘𝗢𝗣𝗟𝗘 The 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁, located in the 𝗔𝗹𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗱𝗮 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 of 𝗠𝗲𝘅𝗶𝗰𝗼 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆, is one of the most striking musical monuments in Latin…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗢𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗢𝗢𝗥 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟱 𝗦𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟳𝟯𝟱, 𝗟𝗲𝗶𝗽𝘇𝗶𝗴, 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟮, 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻, 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱 Among the sons of 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗦𝗲𝗯𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗚𝗟𝗨𝗖𝗞 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗧 𝗛𝗢𝗠𝗘 Christoph Willibald Gluck enters Rupert Hughes’s chapter as a striking contrast: in public he was 𝘁𝗵𝗲…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗘𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗕𝗔𝗖𝗛 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗙 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗨𝗘 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗡𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗼𝗳 “𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗰𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲” 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭.𝟯 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗮𝗰𝗵 The image of Johann Sebastian Bach that emerges from…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦— 𝗛𝗘𝗡𝗥𝗬 𝗣𝗨𝗥𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗟: 𝗢𝗥𝗣𝗛𝗘𝗨𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗜𝗖𝗨𝗦, 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗦 𝗣𝗨𝗥𝗖𝗘𝗟𝗟, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗘𝗟𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗬 𝗚𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗘𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗛 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗛𝗲𝗻𝗿𝘆 𝗣𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹 stands in English musical history with a strange and almost lunar splendour. He…

𝗚𝗨̈𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗡 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗥: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗖𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗖 𝗖𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗗𝗥𝗔𝗟𝗦 Among the great Bruckner conductors of the twentieth century, 𝗚𝘂̈𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗮𝗻𝗱 occupies a place of exceptional authority. His Bruckner is not theatrical,…

𝗪𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗘𝗟𝗠 𝗙𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗪𝗔̈𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗳 𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗮𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗯𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗲𝗲𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗵𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟮–𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟰 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟮–𝟭𝟵𝟱𝟰 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗿𝗱 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗶𝘁𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮’𝘀 𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘆 In the early history of…

𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗬 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗧, 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗟𝗟𝗬 𝗗𝗘𝗦𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝟭𝟵𝟮𝟬𝘀 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝗵𝘂𝗿 𝗡𝗶𝗸𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗵 𝘁𝗼 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗺 𝗙𝘂𝗿𝘁𝘄𝗮̈𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗲𝗿: 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗮𝗿𝘁, 𝗺𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗼𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗰𝗿𝗶𝘀𝗶𝘀 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗴𝗹𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗔 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗱𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗱𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗮 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘆 The 1920s opened…

𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗚 𝗔𝗠𝗔𝗗𝗘𝗨𝗦 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 – 𝗭𝗮𝗶𝗱𝗲, 𝗞. 𝟯𝟰𝟰 / 𝟯𝟯𝟲𝗯 – 𝗜𝗮𝗻 𝗣𝗮𝗴𝗲 - 𝗨𝗻𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗦𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘀𝗽𝗶𝗲𝗹 𝗶𝗻 𝗧𝘄𝗼 𝗔𝗰𝘁𝘀 - 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗱: 𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟵–𝟭𝟳𝟴𝟬 - 𝗟𝗶𝗯𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗼: 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗔𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘀 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗰𝗵𝘁𝗻𝗲𝗿 https://www.patreon.com/posts/mozart-zaide-ian-159120540?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝗭𝗮𝗶𝗱𝗲 is one of Mozart’s most…

𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗦𝗖𝗢 𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗜𝗔 𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗖𝗜𝗡𝗜 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲, 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗮𝗻 𝗘𝗰𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗼 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗰𝗶𝗻𝗶 was born in 𝗙𝗹𝗼𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 on 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭, 𝟭𝟲𝟵𝟬, into a family already associated with music. He belonged to…

𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗹𝘆 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗸𝗼𝘃 𝗣𝗵𝗼𝘁𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗥𝗲𝘂𝘁𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘀 𝗼𝗻 𝟲/𝟭𝟴 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟴 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗹𝘆 𝗔𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗲𝘆𝗲𝘃𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗸𝗼𝘃 — 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝘀𝘁 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟮𝟱 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟴 / 𝟲 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟵, 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘄 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭𝟲 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗗𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 — 𝗙𝗨𝗥𝗧𝗪Ä𝗡𝗚𝗟𝗘𝗥, 𝗪𝗘𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗡𝗘𝗥, 𝗧𝗢𝗦𝗖𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗜, 𝗞𝗟𝗘𝗠𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗥, 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗡𝗢 𝗪𝗔𝗟𝗧𝗘𝗥 The 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 in conducting is not a single straight line, but a constellation of moral, architectural, and sonic philosophies inherited from the…

𝐆𝐥𝐮𝐜𝐤 – 𝐀𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐝 𝐛𝐲 𝐖𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐞𝐫 – 𝐈𝐩𝐡𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐢𝐚 𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐮𝐥𝐢𝐬 – 𝐂𝐡𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐩𝐡 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠 https://www.patreon.com/posts/gluck-wagner-in-156565073?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗜𝗟𝗟𝗜𝗕𝗔𝗟𝗗 𝗚𝗟𝗨𝗖𝗞’𝗦 𝗜𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗚É𝗡𝗜𝗘 𝗘𝗡 𝗔𝗨𝗟𝗜𝗗𝗘, 𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗚𝗘𝗗 𝗕𝗬 𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘𝗥: 𝗔 𝗥𝗜𝗚𝗢𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗦 𝗦𝗧𝗨𝗗𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠, 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗗𝗬, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗧𝗘𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗛-𝗖𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗬 𝗥𝗘𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡…

𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗼 𝗦𝗰𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶 (1660–1725) was an 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗻 composer and one of the leading figures of the late 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 period. Born in 𝗣𝗮𝗹𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗼, he became especially important in the development of 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 and the 𝗡𝗲𝗮𝗽𝗼𝗹𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗻 school…

𝐍𝐢𝐜𝐨𝐥𝐚 𝐏𝐨𝐫𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐚 (1686–1768) was an 𝐈𝐭𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐫, 𝐯𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐭𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫, and one of the leading masters of 𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐚 𝐬𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚 in the 18th century. Born in 𝐍𝐚𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬, he became especially famous for his skill in training…

𝗝𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶 - 𝗟𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝘇𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗶 𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗹 𝗠𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗱𝗶 𝗦𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗼 - 𝗜𝗹 𝗦𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗼 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗲 - 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝘀 - 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗼𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗲𝘁 https://www.patreon.com/posts/jomelli-per-il-156001703?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝗝𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶’𝘀 𝗟𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝘇𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗶 𝗽𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗹 𝗠𝗲𝗿𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗲𝗱𝗶̀ 𝗦𝗮𝗻𝘁𝗼 belongs to his Roman sacred period and was written for…

𝗘𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗮 𝗚𝗿𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗼𝘃á (𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟲–𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟭) 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝗗𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟮𝟯, 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟲, in 𝗥𝗮č𝗮, 𝗻𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘃𝗮, 𝗖𝘇𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗼𝘀𝗹𝗼𝘃𝗮𝗸𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴, 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟭, in 𝗭𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗵, 𝗦𝘄𝗶𝘁𝘇𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗦𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘁 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗶𝗹𝗲 𝗘𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗮 𝗚𝗿𝘂𝗯𝗲𝗿𝗼𝘃á was one of the greatest 𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗮 𝘀𝗼𝗽𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗼𝘀 of the late 20th…

Impression of the second scene of the Ballet Comique de la Reine, presented in Paris in 1581 for the French court.

𝗣𝘆𝗼𝘁𝗿 𝗜𝗹𝘆𝗶𝗰𝗵 𝗧𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗶𝗸𝗼𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆 (𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟬–𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟯) was 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗲𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗳𝘂𝗹 and 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗯𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘀 of the 𝟭𝟵𝘁𝗵 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆. Educated at the 𝗦𝘁. 𝗣𝗲𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆, he combined 𝘀𝗼𝗹𝗶𝗱 𝗪𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗻 𝗮𝗰𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 with 𝗮 𝗱𝗲𝗲𝗽𝗹𝘆…

𝗔𝗹𝗲𝘅𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿 𝗗𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗼𝗺𝘆𝘇𝗵𝘀𝗸𝘆 (𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟯–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟵) was 𝗮 𝗽𝗶𝘃𝗼𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗳𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗿𝗲 in 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰, standing between 𝗚𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗸𝗮 and 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘆 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗳𝘂𝗹. Closely associated with 𝗕𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗸𝗶𝗿𝗲𝘃’𝘀 𝗰𝗶𝗿𝗰𝗹𝗲, he played 𝗮 𝗰𝗿𝘂𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗿𝗼𝗹𝗲 in pushing 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 toward 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗹𝗶𝘀𝗺…

𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗼𝗿𝗴𝘀𝗸𝘆 (𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟵–𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟭) was 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝘃𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲𝘀 of 𝟭𝟵𝘁𝗵-𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗥𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰. A member of 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘆 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗳𝘂𝗹, or 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝘃𝗲, he rejected 𝗮𝗰𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗰 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 in favor of 𝗮 𝗿𝗮𝘄,…

𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗣𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗯𝗲𝗹: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗼𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗵 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗾𝘂𝗲 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗣𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗯𝗲𝗹 (1653–1706) was a leading German Baroque composer and 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗮𝗻𝘁 𝗳𝗶𝗴𝘂𝗿𝗲𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗵 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗮𝗻 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻.…

𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘀: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗣𝗼𝗲𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝗹𝗮 𝗱𝗮 𝗚𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗮 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗻 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗶𝘀 (1656–1728) was a French Baroque composer and a supreme virtuoso of the viola da gamba, 𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗺𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗻𝗴𝘂𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗶𝗮𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗳…