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𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 — 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟭 — 𝗥𝗼𝗺𝗲, 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗔𝗯𝗯é 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 After the brilliance of 𝗪𝗲𝗶𝗺𝗮𝗿 and the intellectual kingdom of the 𝗔𝗹𝘁𝗲𝗻𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴, Franz…

𝗧𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗜𝗞𝗢𝗩𝗦𝗞𝗬’𝗦 𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 𝗢𝗙 𝗣𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗙𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗛𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗧 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is often presented as the supreme composer of emotional immediacy: the creator of unforgettable melodies, tragic symphonies,…

𝗥𝗢𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡’𝗦 𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗗𝗜𝗔𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗦𝗢𝗨𝗟 Robert Schumann was perhaps the composer who most completely transformed private thought, literary imagination, emotional contradiction and unstable memory into music.…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁 𝗕𝘆 𝗝𝗮𝗺𝗲𝘀 𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗲𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗜 — 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗥𝗲𝗮𝗹 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗟𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝟬𝟵 — 𝗣𝗮𝗴𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗶, 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗽𝗶𝗻, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗼𝘇 In the making of 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘇 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘇𝘁, three encounters were decisive. They did not merely…

𝗦𝗜𝗕𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗨𝗦’𝗦 𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦 — 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗛 𝗠𝗬𝗧𝗛 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗘𝗜𝗡𝗩𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗬 Jean Sibelius is often described as the musical voice of Finland: a composer of forests, lakes, swans, northern darkness and…

𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗨𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗡 — 𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗞 𝗝𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗢𝗫𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗 𝗨𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗦 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵 — 𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗗 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗜𝗡 𝗟𝗘𝗜𝗣𝗭𝗜𝗚 𝗔𝗙𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗬, 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗛𝗢𝗨𝗦𝗘𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗗 After so many years of waiting, secrecy, humiliation, legal anxiety,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗘𝗡 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗘 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗠𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗣𝗜𝗘𝗖𝗘𝗦: 𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗥𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗔𝗨𝗧𝗬 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗔𝗕𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗧𝗘 To choose Mozart’s ten “true” masterpieces is not to choose merely the most famous works, nor even the most immediately seductive. Mozart wrote too much…

𝗗𝗢𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗘𝗩𝗦𝗞𝗬 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗛𝗜𝗦 𝗧𝗜𝗠𝗘 𝗡𝗼𝘁 𝗱𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁 𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗼𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀, 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝗮 𝗽𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗳𝘂𝗹 𝘀𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗶𝗻𝗳𝗹𝘂𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲 Strictly speaking, 𝗙𝘆𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗿 𝗗𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗲𝘃𝘀𝗸𝘆 did not collaborate with musicians in the practical sense in which a librettist collaborates with…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮𝟯 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗩𝗔𝗟𝗘𝗦𝗤𝗨𝗘 𝗗𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗢𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 After 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗭𝗢𝗥𝗢𝗔𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗡 𝗥𝗜𝗗𝗗𝗟𝗘𝗦, Solomon turns toward one of the most disturbing, comic, liberating, and misunderstood…

𝗝𝗘𝗔𝗡 𝗦𝗜𝗕𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗨𝗦 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗟𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗝𝗲𝗮𝗻 𝗦𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘂𝘀 was born in 𝗛ä𝗺𝗲𝗲𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱, in 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟱 and became the most important Finnish composer of all time. His music is deeply connected with the 𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀𝗰𝗮𝗽𝗲,…

𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗡 𝗥𝗘𝗜𝗖𝗛𝗔: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗖𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗜𝗡𝗗 𝗤𝗨𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗧 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟮𝟲 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟬, 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗴𝘂𝗲, 𝗕𝗼𝗵𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟮𝟴 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟴𝟯𝟲, 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘀, 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗔𝗻𝘁𝗼𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮 was one of the…

𝗚𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗚 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗣𝗛 𝗪𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗜𝗟: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗘𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗔𝗬 𝗙𝗢𝗥 𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗶𝗹 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟮𝟵 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟭𝟱, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟭 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟳𝟳𝟳, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗽𝗵 𝗪𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗶𝗹 was one…

𝗚𝗜𝗢𝗩𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗜 𝗕𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗔 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗧𝗧𝗜: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗗𝗚𝗘𝗗 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗘𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗩𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗨𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗬 𝗚𝗶𝗼𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶 𝗕𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗶 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟭𝟮 𝗠𝗮𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟱, 𝗙𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗻𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗼 𝗣𝗼, 𝗜𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱: 𝟯 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰𝗵 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟰, 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻, 𝗘𝗻𝗴𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗚𝗶𝗼𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶 𝗕𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮 𝗩𝗶𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗶 was one of…

𝗝𝗔𝗡 𝗟𝗔𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗟𝗔𝗩 𝗗𝗨𝗦𝗦𝗘𝗞: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗢𝗛𝗘𝗠𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗣𝗢𝗘𝗧 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗪𝗘𝗗 𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗣𝗜𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗦𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗢 𝗝𝗮𝗻 𝗟𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘃 𝗗𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗸 𝗔𝗹𝘀𝗼 𝗸𝗻𝗼𝘄𝗻 𝗮𝘀: 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗟𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀 𝗗𝘂𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗸 / 𝗝𝗮𝗻 𝗟𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗹𝗮𝘃 𝗗𝘂𝘀𝗶́𝗸 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻: 𝟭𝟮 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭𝟳𝟲𝟬,…

𝗙𝗜𝗙𝗧𝗬 𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟬 𝘁𝗼 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟱 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺, 𝗗𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗮 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻 The 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝗱 was not merely the age of 𝗛𝗮𝘆𝗱𝗻, 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 and 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻.…

𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗞𝗬 𝗔𝗦 𝗝𝗨𝗗𝗚𝗘: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗝𝗨𝗗𝗚𝗘 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗛𝗢𝗟𝗘 𝗛𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖 Few great composers spoke about other composers with the same mixture of 𝗮𝘂𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆, 𝗶𝗿𝗼𝗻𝘆, 𝗰𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗮𝗱𝗺𝗶𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, and sometimes devastating cruelty…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗭𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟮 𝗧𝗥𝗢𝗨𝗕𝗟𝗘 𝗜𝗡 𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗘 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗪𝗛𝗘𝗡 𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗘 𝗜𝗦 𝗡𝗢 𝗟𝗢𝗡𝗚𝗘𝗥 𝗦𝗔𝗙𝗘 After the death of 𝗔𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝗠𝗼𝘇𝗮𝗿𝘁 in Paris, the biography enters a new region.…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗭𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟬 𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗦 𝗔 𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠 𝗢𝗙 𝗘𝗦𝗖𝗔𝗣𝗘 By the time Mozart left Salzburg in 1777, his desire to escape his native city…

𝗛𝗔𝗬𝗗𝗡, 𝗕𝗬 𝗝. 𝗖𝗨𝗧𝗛𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗗𝗘𝗡 - 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟮 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗢𝗪𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗩𝗔𝗧𝗘 𝗦𝗘𝗥𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗧𝗢 𝗘𝗨𝗥𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗔𝗡 𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗢𝗪𝗡 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗔𝗥𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗫 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗙𝗔𝗠𝗢𝗨𝗦 𝗠𝗔𝗡 𝗜𝗡 𝗔 𝗥𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗘 𝗣𝗔𝗟𝗔𝗖𝗘 One of the most remarkable paradoxes of…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧’𝗦 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗦 — 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗧𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗪𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗼𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 / 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗲̀𝗿𝗲, 𝗹𝗶𝗯𝗿𝗲𝘁𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁, 𝗼𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗿𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗯𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝘀𝘆𝗻𝗼𝗽𝘀𝗶𝘀 Mozart’s operatic career extends from the precocious theatre pieces of his childhood to the supreme masterpieces…

𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗦 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗥𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗚𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗧𝗔𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗦 𝗝𝗼𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀 𝗜𝗜, born in Vienna on 𝟮𝟱 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟮𝟱 and deceased in Vienna on 𝟯 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟵, entered the world of stage music…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗪𝗘𝗕𝗘𝗥 𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗘𝗗 𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗜𝗔𝗚𝗘, 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗛𝗔𝗗𝗢𝗪 𝗢𝗙 𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗬 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛 By the time Rupert Hughes brings 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗪𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗿 to the final…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗪𝗘𝗕𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗢𝗦 𝗙𝗟𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗠𝗕𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙-𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠 In Rupert Hughes’s account of 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗪𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗿, the young composer’s emotional life does not…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗪𝗘𝗕𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗘𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗢𝗦 𝗙𝗟𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗠𝗕𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗘𝗟𝗙-𝗥𝗘𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠 In Rupert Hughes’s account of 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗪𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗿, the young composer’s emotional life does not…