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𝗧𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗮 𝗥𝘂𝗳𝗳𝗼 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 “𝗩𝗼𝗰𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗹 𝗟𝗲𝗼𝗻𝗲” 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗢𝗻𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝘀𝘁 𝗔𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗲𝘀 𝗜𝗻 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗛𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗧𝗶𝘁𝘁𝗮 𝗥𝘂𝗳𝗳𝗼 was one of the most extraordinary Italian baritones of the late nineteenth and early twentieth…

𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗼 𝗧𝗮𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗼𝗶𝗰 𝗧𝗲𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶’𝘀 𝗢𝘁𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗼 𝗙𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀𝗰𝗼 𝗧𝗮𝗺𝗮𝗴𝗻𝗼 was one of the most powerful and celebrated dramatic tenors of the nineteenth century, a singer whose name is forever linked with…

𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗩𝗮𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗶 — 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗶𝘁𝗼𝗻𝗲 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗖𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗩𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗶’𝘀 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗥𝗼𝗹𝗲𝘀 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗩𝗮𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗶 was one of the most important Italian baritones of the nineteenth century, not only because of the distinction of his…

𝗘𝗗𝗩𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗚𝗥𝗜𝗘𝗚: 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗘𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗𝗛𝗢𝗢𝗗 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗜𝗥𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗡𝗢𝗥𝗪𝗘𝗚𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗩𝗢𝗜𝗖𝗘 𝗘𝗱𝘃𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗛𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗿𝘂𝗽 𝗚𝗿𝗶𝗲𝗴 was born in 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗻, 𝗡𝗼𝗿𝘄𝗮𝘆, on 𝟭𝟱 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟯, into a cultivated and prosperous family whose atmosphere was…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚: 𝗔𝗡 𝗢𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗣𝗘𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗸𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟮 𝗔 𝗴𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗯𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗻𝗼𝘁 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗿𝗼𝘆𝗮𝗹 𝗽𝗮𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲, 𝗯𝘂𝘁 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗿𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗼𝗻 The history of the Berliner Philharmoniker does not begin…

𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗷𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗻 𝗕𝗶𝗹𝘀𝗲: 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼𝘀𝗲 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗚𝗮𝘃𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰 𝗘𝗮𝗿𝗹𝘆 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗕𝗲𝗻𝗷𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗻 𝗕𝗶𝗹𝘀𝗲 (𝟭𝟳 𝗔𝘂𝗴𝘂𝘀𝘁 𝟭𝟴𝟭𝟲 – 𝟭𝟯 𝗝𝘂𝗹𝘆 𝟭𝟵𝟬𝟮) was born in Liegnitz, in the Prussian province…

𝗔𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗿 𝗥𝗼𝗱𝘇𝗶𝗻́𝘀𝗸𝗶 𝗢𝗿𝗶𝗴𝗶𝗻𝘀, 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗧𝗲𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗥𝗶𝘀𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝘀𝗲𝗰𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝘀 𝗔 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗔𝗿𝘁𝘂𝗿 𝗥𝗼𝗱𝘇𝗶𝗻́𝘀𝗸𝗶 — born on 𝗝𝗮𝗻𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝟭, 𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟮, in 𝗦𝗽𝗮𝗹𝗮𝘁𝗼, Dalmatia, then part of the 𝗔𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗼-𝗛𝘂𝗻𝗴𝗮𝗿𝗶𝗮𝗻 𝗘𝗺𝗽𝗶𝗿𝗲 and today 𝗦𝗽𝗹𝗶𝘁, Croatia,…

𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗢𝗟𝗗 𝗥𝗢𝗦𝗘́ 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗦 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗙𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗢𝗟𝗟𝗔𝗕𝗢𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡, 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗘 𝗣𝗥𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗚𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗘𝗡𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 The relationship between 𝗔𝗿𝗻𝗼𝗹𝗱 𝗥𝗼𝘀𝗲́ 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟯–𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟲 and 𝗥𝗶𝗰𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗱 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟰–𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟵 was not primarily a friendship of daily intimacy…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗲𝗺, 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗵𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗻, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟵 Chapter 3 of Volume II — printed in…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗲𝗺, 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗵𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗻, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟵 Chapter 3 of Volume II — printed in…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟯 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗲𝗺, 𝗕𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻, 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮, 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗵𝗮𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗻, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗢𝗳 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟳–𝟭𝟴𝟲𝟵 Chapter 3 of Volume II — printed in…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟮 𝗕𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗻-𝗕𝗮𝗱𝗲𝗻, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 𝗢𝗳 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗠𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗤𝘂𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘁, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗛𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗼 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗮, 𝗔𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗢𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗲𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗 𝗠𝗶𝗻𝗼𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗙𝗮𝗶𝗹𝘂𝗿𝗲, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗱𝗲, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗲𝘀’ 𝗖𝗵𝗼𝗶𝗿 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟵…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟱 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻’𝘀 “𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝗣𝗮𝘁𝗵𝘀,” 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀’𝘀 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗡𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝟭𝟴𝟱𝟯 Chapter 5 is the chapter in which…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹𝘆, 𝗛𝗮𝗺𝗯𝘂𝗿𝗴, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗦𝗶𝗴𝗻𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗶𝘂𝘀 𝟭𝟳𝟲𝟬–𝟭𝟴𝟰𝟱 The first chapter begins far before the birth of Johannes…

Demos la bienvenida a los nuevos miembros. Sionnach Xavier, Dimitri Aguero, Tatiko Shekerdankov, Riccardo Pisani, Minxy Ghanem, Dieter Berch, Shuozhe Guo, Роман Моргун, Joseph Njaaga, Mauro Improta, Muhamet Gashi, Allwood, Kim YoungJin, Micheline Chartrand-Payen,…

𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 (1854–1879), at the age of 18 Youngest child of 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 and 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 Photograph, 1872 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁-𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻-𝗛𝗮𝘂𝘀, Zwickau 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗶𝘅 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻 was the youngest child of 𝗥𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿𝘁 and 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻. He was born…

𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗟’𝗦 𝗙𝗨𝗡𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗟 𝗔𝗧 𝗪𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗔𝗕𝗕𝗘𝗬 — 𝗔 𝗙𝗨𝗟𝗟 𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻, 𝗔𝗽𝗿𝗶𝗹 𝟭𝟳𝟱𝟵: 𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗿𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝗲, 𝗪𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗺𝗶𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗻𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗺𝗲𝗺𝗼𝗿𝘆 𝗜. 𝗟𝗼𝗻𝗱𝗼𝗻 𝗔𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹’𝘀 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵 When 𝗚𝗲𝗼𝗿𝗴 𝗙𝗿𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰 𝗛𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗹 died in…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗛 𝗢𝗙 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗢𝗟𝗘𝗦𝗜 — 𝗔 𝗖𝗢𝗠𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗧𝗘 𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗟𝗬𝗦𝗜𝗦 𝗜𝗹𝗹𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗳𝗶𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀, 𝗯𝗶𝗼𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗽𝗵𝘆, 𝗺𝘆𝘁𝗵𝗺𝗮𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮 𝗽𝗼𝘀𝘁𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗲𝗻𝗱 𝗜. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗴 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗗𝗶𝗲𝗱 𝗕𝗲𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗙𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗻 𝗚𝗶𝗼𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗶 𝗕𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗮 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗴𝗼𝗹𝗲𝘀𝗶…

𝗖𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗕𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗶𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗼𝗳 𝗮𝗻 𝗔𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗩𝗼𝗶𝗰𝗲 The encounter between 𝗔𝗮𝗿𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱 and 𝗡𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗕𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿 was one of the most decisive pedagogical relationships in twentieth-century music. It was not merely the…