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𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗖 𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗞𝗢𝗪𝗦𝗞𝗜 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗙𝗜𝗘𝗥𝗬 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗛 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗢𝗤𝗨𝗘 𝗢𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗢 𝗔 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗥𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗦𝗢𝗨𝗡𝗗 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗔𝗦𝗦𝗢𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗢𝗗𝗜𝗨𝗠: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘, 𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗘𝗥, 𝗖𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗘𝗦, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗖 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗦𝗘𝗖𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗖 𝗠𝗜𝗡𝗞𝗢𝗪𝗦𝗞𝗜 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝗰…

𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗥𝗜𝗦 𝗡𝗘𝗟𝗦𝗢𝗡𝗦 — 𝗙𝗥𝗢𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗠𝗣𝗘𝗧 𝗣𝗜𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗥𝗜𝗚𝗔 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗣𝗢𝗗𝗜𝗨𝗠𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗔 𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗩𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗖𝗧, 𝗘𝗡𝗘𝗥𝗚𝗬, 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗗𝗜𝗦𝗖𝗜𝗣𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗢 𝗔 𝗠𝗔𝗝𝗢𝗥 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥𝗡𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗘𝗥…

𝗚𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗚𝗘 𝗦𝗭𝗘𝗟𝗟 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗜𝗥𝗢𝗡 𝗔𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗖𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗢𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗟 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗙𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝟮𝟬 𝗔𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗱𝗼𝘁𝗲𝘀, 𝗖𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗲𝘀, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗥𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗠𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘀 𝗳𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗛𝗶𝘀 𝗟𝗶𝗳𝗲 George Szell, born 𝗚𝘆ö𝗿𝗴𝘆 𝗘𝗻𝗱𝗿𝗲 𝗦𝘇é𝗹𝗹 in Budapest on 𝟳 𝗝𝘂𝗻𝗲 𝟭𝟴𝟵𝟳 and deceased in Cleveland…

𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗦 𝗦𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗚 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗕𝗘𝗖𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗢𝗡𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗔𝗦𝗧 𝗟𝗜𝗩𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗕𝗥𝗜𝗗𝗚𝗘𝗦 𝗧𝗢 𝗦𝗛𝗢𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗞𝗢𝗩𝗜𝗖𝗛 𝗜. 𝗕𝗢𝗥𝗡 𝗜𝗡 𝗘𝗫𝗜𝗟𝗘: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗡𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 𝗦𝗮𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 was born on 𝟮 𝗢𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟵𝟰𝟮, generally given as 𝗡𝗼𝘃𝗼𝘀𝗶𝗯𝗶𝗿𝘀𝗸,…

𝗞𝗨𝗥𝗧 𝗦𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗚 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗦𝗨𝗥𝗩𝗜𝗩𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗪𝗢𝗥𝗟𝗗𝗦 Kurt Sanderling was not one of those conductors who built a career on glamour, theatrical poses, or the cult of personality. His greatness belonged to…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 𝗥𝗨𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗛𝗨𝗚𝗛𝗘𝗦 𝗙𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗭 𝗟𝗜𝗦𝗧 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗔𝗦 𝗟𝗘𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗗, 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗥, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗣𝗜𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗨𝗔𝗟 𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗥 Rupert Hughes begins the second volume of 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗼𝘃𝗲 𝗔𝗳𝗳𝗮𝗶𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁…

𝗚𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗩𝗢 𝗗𝗨𝗗𝗔𝗠𝗘𝗟 — 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 Gustavo Dudamel is one of the most visible conductors of the twenty-first century: a Venezuelan musician formed by 𝗘𝗹 𝗦𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗮, projected internationally while still very young, and later placed…

𝗚𝗨𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗩𝗢 𝗗𝗨𝗗𝗔𝗠𝗘𝗟: 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗜𝗨𝗦, 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗕𝗢𝗟, 𝗢𝗥 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗠𝗔𝗥𝗞𝗘𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗚? Gustavo Dudamel is one of the few conductors of the 21st century whose name has crossed the narrow borders of the classical-music world. That fact alone…

𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬𝗡𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗦𝗢𝗟𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟱 𝗔 𝗩𝗜𝗘𝗡𝗡𝗔 𝗦𝗢𝗝𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗡 ════════════════════════════ 𝗜. 𝗔 𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡 𝗧𝗢 𝗦𝗔𝗟𝗭𝗕𝗨𝗥𝗚 𝗔𝗙𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗘𝗨𝗥𝗢𝗣𝗘 After the immense success of the Grand Journey, Leopold Mozart had reason to feel uncertain about…

𝗭𝗗𝗘𝗡𝗘̌𝗞 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗟𝗔𝗕𝗔𝗟𝗔 — 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝘇𝗲𝗰𝗵 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗕𝗿𝗼𝘂𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝗗𝗿𝗮𝗺𝗮, 𝗖𝗼𝗹𝗼𝘂𝗿, 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗜𝗱𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗼 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗣𝗶𝘁 𝗭𝗱𝗲𝗻𝗲̌𝗸 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗮𝗹𝗮 was one of the essential Czech conductors of the twentieth century, especially…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟭𝟭 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗻 𝗙𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗮𝗹, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗩𝗶𝘀𝗶𝘁 𝗧𝗼 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗻, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗦𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗼𝘂𝘀 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗴𝘀, 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝗿𝗮’𝘀 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵, 𝗕𝗿𝗮𝗵𝗺𝘀’𝘀 𝗜𝗹𝗹𝗻𝗲𝘀𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘀𝘁 𝗣𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗶𝗰 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗲𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲𝘀,…

𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗢𝗩𝗘 𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗔𝗜𝗥𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗚𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗡𝗦 — 𝗝𝗘𝗔𝗡-𝗕𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗘 𝗟𝗨𝗟𝗟𝗬: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗜𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗤𝗨𝗘𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗙𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗛 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗨𝗡 𝗞𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗝𝗲𝗮𝗻-𝗕𝗮𝗽𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗲 𝗟𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘆 was one of the most brilliant, dangerous, and theatrical personalities…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟵 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗩𝗶𝗲𝗻𝗻𝗮 𝗧𝗼𝗻𝗸ü𝗻𝘀𝘁𝗹𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗶𝗻, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘁𝗵 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆, 𝗛𝘂𝗴𝗼 𝗪𝗼𝗹𝗳, 𝗧𝗵𝘂𝗻, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗟𝗮𝘁𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗸𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗼𝘂𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗠𝗮𝗿𝘅𝘀𝗲𝗻’𝘀 𝗗𝗲𝗮𝘁𝗵, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗶𝗽𝘀𝘆 𝗦𝗼𝗻𝗴𝘀,…

𝗙𝗟𝗢𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗖𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗬 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗝𝗢𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗦 𝗕𝗥𝗔𝗛𝗠𝗦 𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗠𝗘 𝗜𝗜 — 𝗖𝗛𝗔𝗣𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝟴 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼, 𝗠𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗻, 𝗡ä𝗻𝗶𝗲, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗲𝗿𝘀, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗣𝗶𝗮𝗻𝗼 𝗧𝗿𝗶𝗼, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗙 𝗠𝗮𝗷𝗼𝗿 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗤𝘂𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗲𝘁, 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗮𝗿𝘇𝗲𝗻𝗹𝗶𝗲𝗱, 𝗔𝗻𝗱…

𝗗𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗘𝗟 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗘𝗡𝗕𝗢𝗜𝗠 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗡 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗥: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗥𝗘𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗥𝗘𝗘 𝗧𝗜𝗠𝗘𝗦 𝗧𝗢 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗖 𝗖𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗗𝗥𝗔𝗟 Among modern Bruckner conductors, 𝗗𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗲𝗹 𝗕𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗯𝗼𝗶𝗺 occupies a distinctive and rather unusual place. He is not normally placed in…

𝗚𝗨̈𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗥 𝗪𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗔𝗡𝗧𝗢𝗡 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗥: 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗘 𝗔𝗥𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗖𝗧 𝗢𝗙 𝗕𝗥𝗨𝗖𝗞𝗡𝗘𝗥’𝗦 𝗦𝗬𝗠𝗣𝗛𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗖 𝗖𝗔𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗗𝗥𝗔𝗟𝗦 Among the great Bruckner conductors of the twentieth century, 𝗚𝘂̈𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗮𝗻𝗱 occupies a place of exceptional authority. His Bruckner is not theatrical,…

𝗪𝗵𝘆 𝗗𝗶𝗱 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗼𝘀 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗡𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻’𝘀 𝗧𝗵𝗶𝗿𝗱 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗡𝗶𝗻𝘁𝗵 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗲𝘀? 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗹𝗼𝘀 𝗞𝗹𝗲𝗶𝗯𝗲𝗿’𝘀 𝗔𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗮𝗹 𝗕𝗲𝗲𝘁𝗵𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗽𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗼𝗶𝗿𝗲 Kleiber conducted Beethoven’s symphonies from the Fourth to the Seventh: Symphony No. 4: preserved in live recordings, including…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗣𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗶𝗽𝗮𝗹 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗮̈𝗰𝗵𝘀𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗮𝘁𝘀𝗸𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗲 𝗗𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗲𝗻 (Part 2) 𝗘𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁 𝘃𝗼𝗻 𝗦𝗰𝗵𝘂𝗰𝗵 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗚𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗗𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝟭𝟴𝟴𝟰–𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟰 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝘁𝗿𝗮𝘂𝘀𝘀 𝗔𝗴𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗚𝗼𝗹𝗱𝗲𝗻 𝗬𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗗𝗿𝗲𝘀𝗱𝗲𝗻 𝗢𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮 With 𝗘𝗿𝗻𝘀𝘁…

𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗥𝗲𝗯𝗲𝗹𝗹𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘁𝗼 𝗪𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗦𝗵𝗮𝗽𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗸𝗲𝗿 The history of the 𝗕𝗲𝗿𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗣𝗵𝗶𝗹𝗵𝗮𝗿𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗸𝗲𝗿 begins not with a royal decree, a wealthy patron or the carefully planned creation of…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗦𝗼𝘂𝗻𝗱 𝗼𝗳 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗴𝗼: 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝗼𝗱𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗧𝗵𝗼𝗺𝗮𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀 𝗠𝗮̈𝗸𝗲𝗹𝗮̈ 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗗𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗪𝗵𝗼 𝗙𝗼𝗿𝗴𝗲𝗱 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗴𝗼 𝗦𝘆𝗺𝗽𝗵𝗼𝗻𝘆 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 The history of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra is the history of an American institution founded…

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗿𝘁𝗴𝗲𝗯𝗼𝘂𝘄 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗹𝗲𝗺 𝗞𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗞𝗹𝗮𝘂𝘀 𝗠𝗮̈𝗸𝗲𝗹𝗮̈: 𝗔 𝗖𝗵𝗿𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗹𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝗔𝗺𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗮𝗺’𝘀 𝗚𝗿𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗢𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗹 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 Few orchestras in the world have constructed their identity through so small and so…

𝗚𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘃 𝗠𝗮𝗵𝗹𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝗔𝗺𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿𝗱𝗮𝗺 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗖𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗧𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗕𝗲𝗰𝗮𝗺𝗲 𝗛𝗶𝘀 “𝗦𝗲𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱 𝗠𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗛𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗹𝗮𝗻𝗱” There is a revealing paradox at the heart of Gustav Mahler’s relationship with Amsterdam. He was not especially enchanted by the city…

𝗦𝗜𝗥 𝗦𝗜𝗠𝗢𝗡 𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗧𝗟𝗘 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗥 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝟮𝟭𝘀𝘁 𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝘂𝗿𝘆 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆, 𝗲𝗱𝘂𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻, 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗿𝘆 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗱𝗶𝗴𝗶𝘁𝗮𝗹 𝗿𝗲𝗶𝗻𝘃𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗮𝗿𝘁𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗰 𝗱𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝟮𝟬𝟬𝟮–𝟮𝟬𝟭𝟴 𝗙𝗿𝗼𝗺 𝗔𝗯𝗯𝗮𝗱𝗼 𝘁𝗼 𝗥𝗮𝘁𝘁𝗹𝗲: 𝗮 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗾𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗳𝗼𝗿…

𝗖𝗟𝗔𝗨𝗗𝗜𝗢 𝗔𝗕𝗕𝗔𝗗𝗢 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗟𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗥 𝗣𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗛𝗔𝗥𝗠𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗞𝗘𝗥 “𝗜’𝗺 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆𝗼𝗻𝗲.” 𝗔 𝗻𝗲𝘄 𝗮𝗴𝗲 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗿𝗮𝗻𝘀𝗽𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗻𝗰𝘆, 𝗱𝗶𝗮𝗹𝗼𝗴𝘂𝗲 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗺𝘂𝘀𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗶𝘀𝗰𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗖𝗵𝗶𝗲𝗳 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝗱𝘂𝗰𝘁𝗼𝗿, 𝟭𝟵𝟵𝟬–𝟮𝟬𝟬𝟮 𝗔𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝗞𝗮𝗿𝗮𝗷𝗮𝗻: 𝗮𝗻 𝗼𝗿𝗰𝗵𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗿𝗮 𝗮𝘁 𝗮 𝗵𝗶𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗰𝗿𝗼𝘀𝘀𝗿𝗼𝗮𝗱𝘀 When 𝗖𝗹𝗮𝘂𝗱𝗶𝗼 𝗔𝗯𝗯𝗮𝗱𝗼 was…