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𝐁𝐫𝐮𝐧𝐨 𝐖𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐁𝐫𝐚𝐡𝐦𝐬: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝐎𝐧𝐞 Bruno Walter’s Beethoven and Brahms stand at the heart of the central Austro-German symphonic tradition on record, but his legacy in the two…

𝐒𝐢𝐫 𝐀𝐝𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐧 𝐁𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐭: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐚𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐆𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐈𝐭𝐬 𝐎𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐕𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐞 There are conductors who dazzle through theatrical charisma, and there are others whose greatness lies in something quieter but no less durable:…

𝐄𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐊𝐥𝐞𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐀𝐫𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐨𝐜𝐫𝐚𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐅𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐀𝐠𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐭 𝐓𝐲𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐧𝐲 There are conductors whose greatness lies in sheer musical command, and there are conductors whose greatness also acquires a moral dimension because of the…

𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐧 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐜𝐡𝐞𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐛𝐞𝐥 𝐌𝐚𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐨 𝐖𝐡𝐨 𝐓𝐮𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐝 𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐚 𝐌𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 There are conductors who preserve tradition, and there are conductors who explode it from within so that music can live again. Hermann Scherchen…

𝐉𝐚𝐬𝐜𝐡𝐚 𝐇𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐢𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐡𝐥𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝐎𝐧𝐞 Jascha Horenstein is one of the indispensable Mahler conductors, but his Mahler legacy is not a neat studio cycle. It is a constellation of major…

𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐞 𝐒𝐳𝐞𝐥𝐥 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐧: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝐎𝐧𝐞 George Szell’s Beethoven cycle with The Cleveland Orchestra has long been regarded as one of the great Beethoven traversals on disc. Critics have repeatedly…

𝐌𝐀𝐑𝐈𝐀 𝐉𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐓𝐙𝐀 (𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟕–𝟏𝟗𝟖𝟐) 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐈𝐌𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐀𝐋 𝐃𝐈𝐕𝐀 𝐎𝐅 𝐅𝐈𝐑𝐄 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐕𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐒𝐎𝐏𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐎 𝐖𝐇𝐎 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐐𝐔𝐄𝐑𝐄𝐃 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐀, 𝐍𝐄𝐖 𝐘𝐎𝐑𝐊, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐀𝐆𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐏𝐔𝐂𝐂𝐈𝐍𝐈 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐒 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐌𝐎𝐑𝐀𝐕𝐈𝐀 𝐖𝐈𝐓𝐇 𝐀 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐃𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐄𝐃…

**𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬 - 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐩𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝟏𝟎 — 𝐍𝐨 𝐕𝐚𝐜𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐲 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐞** **𝐒𝐚𝐥𝐳𝐛𝐮𝐫𝐠 𝐋𝐞𝐟𝐭 𝐁𝐞𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐝: 𝐀 𝐃𝐞𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐨𝐟 𝐓𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧** When **Wolfgang Mozart** and his mother **Maria Anna Mozart** left Salzburg in **September 1777**, this…

𝐌𝐚𝐡𝐥𝐞𝐫 – 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝟏 𝐭𝐨 𝟏𝟎 – 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐇𝐚𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐤 – 𝐋𝐏 𝐎𝐑𝐈𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐀𝐋 https://www.patreon.com/posts/mahler-1-to-10-137376934?utm_medium=clipboard_copy&utm_source=copyLink&utm_campaign=postshare_creator&utm_content=join_link 𝐁𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐇𝐚𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐧𝐤 𝐢𝐧 𝐌𝐚𝐡𝐥𝐞𝐫: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐲𝐦𝐩𝐡𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐞𝐬, 𝐎𝐧𝐞 𝐛𝐲 𝐎𝐧𝐞 Bernard Haitink’s Mahler is one of the central recorded monuments in the…

𝐀𝐑𝐂𝐀𝐍𝐆𝐄𝐋𝐎 𝐂𝐎𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐈 (𝟏𝟔𝟓𝟑–𝟏𝟕𝟏𝟑): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Arcangelo Corelli (1653–1713) was born on 17 February 1653 in Fusignano, in the Papal States, and died on 8 January 1713 in…

𝐅𝐑𝐀𝐍𝐂̧𝐎𝐈𝐒 𝐂𝐎𝐔𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐈𝐍 (𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟖–𝟏𝟕𝟑𝟑): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 François Couperin (1668–1733), later called “le Grand,” was born in Paris on 10 November 1668 and died there on 11 September 1733.…

𝐉𝐄𝐀𝐍-𝐁𝐀𝐏𝐓𝐈𝐒𝐓𝐄 𝐋𝐔𝐋𝐋𝐘 (𝟏𝟔𝟑𝟐–𝟏𝟔𝟖𝟕): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632–1687) was one of the most powerful and contradictory figures in seventeenth-century music. He was born Giovanni Battista Lulli in…

𝐄𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐚𝐛𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐜𝐡𝐰𝐚𝐫𝐳𝐤𝐨𝐩𝐟 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐖𝐚𝐥𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐋𝐞𝐠𝐠𝐞: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐒𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐥𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 Elizabeth Schwarzkopf and Walter Legge formed one of the most influential, complex, and frequently debated personal and artistic partnerships in the…

𝐅𝐑𝐄𝐃𝐄́𝐑𝐈𝐂 𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐏𝐈𝐍 (𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟎–𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟗): 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Frédéric Chopin (1810–1849) is often imagined as the supreme poet of the piano: aristocratic, fragile, refined, inward, and almost detached from the…

𝐉𝐎𝐇𝐀𝐍𝐍 𝐒𝐄𝐁𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐈𝐀𝐍 𝐁𝐀𝐂𝐇: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐎𝐒𝐓 𝐏𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐈𝐂𝐀𝐋 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐃𝐈𝐂𝐓𝐎𝐑𝐘 𝐒𝐈𝐓𝐔𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 𝐈𝐍 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐈𝐅𝐄 Johann Sebastian Bach is often imagined as the supreme embodiment of order, discipline, faith, and musical perfection: a devout Lutheran master whose…

𝐆𝐔𝐍𝐃𝐔𝐋𝐀 𝐉𝐀𝐍𝐎𝐖𝐈𝐓𝐙: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐒𝐈𝐋𝐕𝐄𝐑-𝐆𝐎𝐋𝐃 𝐕𝐎𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐎𝐅 𝐌𝐎𝐙𝐀𝐑𝐓, 𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐏𝐔𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐓 𝐋𝐘𝐑𝐈𝐂 𝐈𝐃𝐄𝐀𝐋 𝐎𝐅 𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐓𝐖𝐀𝐑 𝐄𝐔𝐑𝐎𝐏𝐄 Gundula Janowitz belongs to that very rare group of sopranos whose voices seem to exist almost beyond ordinary…

𝐂𝐋𝐄𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐒 𝐊𝐑𝐀𝐔𝐒𝐒 — 𝐅𝐑𝐎𝐌 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐎𝐈𝐑𝐁𝐎𝐘 𝐓𝐎 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀𝐓𝐈𝐂 𝐏𝐎𝐖𝐄𝐑: 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐅𝐎𝐑𝐆𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐄𝐒𝐓𝐑𝐎 (𝟏𝟖𝟗𝟑–𝟏𝟗𝟐𝟗) 𝐈. 𝐁𝐎𝐑𝐍 𝐈𝐍𝐓𝐎 𝐕𝐈𝐄𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐒𝐄 𝐓𝐇𝐄𝐀𝐓𝐑𝐄 — 𝐀 𝐂𝐇𝐈𝐋𝐃 𝐎𝐅 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐎𝐏𝐄𝐑𝐀 𝐖𝐎𝐑𝐋𝐃 𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐬 𝐇𝐞𝐢𝐧𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐡 𝐊𝐫𝐚𝐮𝐬𝐬 was born in Vienna…

# **Mendelssohn, Wagner, Schumann - Nikolaus Harnoncourt** **Die schöne Melusine Overture, Op. 32** Commentary on Wagner's Tannhäuser by Nikolaus Harnoncourt **Tannhäuser, WWV 70: Overture - Bacchanale (Venusberg)** Commentary on Wagner's Tristan und Isolde by…

𝐌𝐀𝐔𝐑𝐈𝐂𝐄 𝐑𝐀𝐕𝐄𝐋 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄 𝐌𝐀𝐒𝐓𝐄𝐑: 𝐁𝐎𝐋𝐄𝐑𝐎, 𝐖𝐀𝐑, 𝐀𝐍𝐃 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐓𝐑𝐀𝐆𝐄𝐃𝐘 𝐎𝐅 𝐇𝐈𝐒 𝐋𝐀𝐒𝐓 𝐘𝐄𝐀𝐑𝐒 (1905–1937) 𝐈. 𝐀𝐅𝐓𝐄𝐑 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐑𝐀𝐕𝐄𝐋 𝐀𝐅𝐅𝐀𝐈𝐑 — 𝐓𝐇𝐄 𝐁𝐈𝐑𝐓𝐇 𝐎𝐅 𝐀 𝐌𝐀𝐓𝐔𝐑𝐄 𝐂𝐎𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐒𝐄𝐑 (1905–1914) Following the Prix de Rome…

## **𝗠𝗢𝗭𝗔𝗥𝗧 𝗜𝗡 𝗦𝗪𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗗’𝗦 𝗕𝗜𝗢𝗚𝗥𝗔𝗣𝗛𝗬: Chapter 4 — An Instrument at the Command of Music** **1) From Calais to London: fame arrives first (April 1764)** Nannerl notes the **tides at Calais**, then the family…

𝗥𝗔𝗙𝗔𝗘𝗟 𝗞𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗟𝗜𝗞 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗘𝗫𝗜𝗟𝗘 𝗠𝗔𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗢: 𝗔 𝗟𝗜𝗙𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗜𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗚𝗥𝗜𝗧𝗬, 𝗙𝗜𝗥𝗘, 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗠𝗨𝗦𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗧𝗥𝗨𝗧𝗛 𝗣𝗥𝗔𝗚𝗨𝗘 𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗚𝗜𝗡𝗦 (𝟭𝟵𝟭𝟰–𝟭𝟵𝟯𝟵) Rafael Kubelík was born on June 29, 1914, in Býchory near Prague, into one of the most…

𝗕𝗘𝗘𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗩𝗘𝗡’𝗦 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗖𝗘𝗥𝗧𝗢 𝗜𝗡 𝗗 𝗠𝗔𝗝𝗢𝗥, 𝗢𝗣. 𝟲𝟭 — 𝗔 𝗡𝗢𝗕𝗟𝗘 𝗥𝗘𝗩𝗢𝗟𝗨𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 (1806) 𝗔𝗨𝗗𝗜𝗢 𝗖𝗢𝗟𝗟𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗜𝗡 𝗣𝗔𝗧𝗥𝗘𝗢𝗡 https://www.patreon.com/collection/2018065 𝗚𝗘𝗡𝗘𝗦𝗜𝗦 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗛𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗖𝗔𝗟 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗧𝗘𝗫𝗧 (1806) Beethoven composed the Violin Concerto in D major, Op. 61 in…

𝗬𝗘𝗛𝗨𝗗𝗜 𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗨𝗛𝗜𝗡 — 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗟𝗗 𝗪𝗛𝗢 𝗥𝗘𝗗𝗘𝗙𝗜𝗡𝗘𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗘 𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗟𝗜𝗡 𝗔 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗱𝗶𝗴𝘆 𝗕𝗼𝗿𝗻 𝗶𝗻 𝗔𝗺𝗲𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮 (1916) 𝗬𝗲𝗵𝘂𝗱𝗶 𝗠𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗵𝗶𝗻 (1916–1999) was born on April 22, 1916, in New York, into a family of Russian-Jewish intellectuals who…

**THE MAN WHO INHERITED SCHUBERT’S CHAIR — SIMON SECHTER AND FRANZ SCHUBERT** The connection between **Simon Sechter (1788–1867)** and **Franz Schubert (1797–1828)** is one of the most fascinating indirect relationships in Viennese musical history.…